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The Liberal Era

The Liberal Era. Ramadan al-Suwayhili, together with Sulayman al-Baruni and other tribal chiefs, created the Tripolitanian Republic in 1918. Sayyid Idris al-Sanusi signed a peace treaty with the Italians (the Akrama Agreement, April 1917).

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The Liberal Era

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  1. The Liberal Era Ramadan al-Suwayhili, together with Sulayman al-Baruni and other tribal chiefs, created the Tripolitanian Republic in 1918. Sayyid Idris al-Sanusi signed a peace treaty with the Italians (the Akrama Agreement, April 1917). Italy passed the Leggefondamentale (June and October 1919). Each province was to have its own Parliament and governing councils. Libyans were promised the right to a special Libyan-Italian citizenship, were exempted from military conscription, and could only be taxed by the locally elected Parliament. In October 1920, the Accord of al-Rajma recognised Idris as-Sanusias Amir of Cyrenaica.

  2. Italo Balbo (1934-1940) • Libya: Italy’s Fourth Shore (1934) • Italian citizenship was granted to natives • Enlargement and Modernisation of Tripoli • The Via Balbia • State-directed peasant colonisation 1938: 20,000 (Ventimila) 1939: 10,000

  3. Italo Balbo presents the certificate of citizenship to natives, Tripoli 1939. The official ceremony in Piazza Castello, Tripoli 1939.

  4. Il palazzo dell’INFPS, Tripoli. Corso Sicilia, Tripoli. Palazzo del governatore, Tripoli. Hotel Casino Uaddan, Tripoli.

  5. Visitors’ plan of the city of Tunisi (undated, 1920?)

  6. Art Deco building, Tunis La Fayettequarter, Tunis

  7. Place de la République, Tunis La Fayettequarter, Tunis. Caryatides

  8. The Via Balbia or Via Balbo,a coastal highway running from Tunisia to Egypt

  9. The Via Balbiaat the Marble Arch In the middle of Via Balbia, the border of Tripolitania and Cyrenaica was marked by a Marble Arch, named Arch of Fileni. It was created by the Italian architect Florestano Di Fausto. The “Arch of Fileni” was demolished in 1970 by the revolutionary regime of Muammar Gaddafi.

  10. Italian rural villages in Libya The municipal building The Casa Littoria The Catholic church The main square

  11. A farmhouse of the Ente per la colonizzazione della Libia (ECL) View of a plot of land with farmhouse

  12. Disembarkation of the Ventimila in Tripoli, 1938.

  13. Balbo greets settlers who are leaving for the village Crispi, 1938. Military trucks are used for the displacement.

  14. Italo Balbo with Italian peasant women The village Giovanni Berta, 1937.

  15. The visit of Mussolini to Libya, 1937 Mussolini brandishes the ‘sword of Islam’

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