CELLS Structure & Function Review

1. CELLSStructure & FunctionReview

2. Controls what enters or leaves cell; What is the function of the cell membrane? When DNA is loosely packed and spread out in the nucleus of a cell of non-dividing cells it is called ____________. chromatin

3. prokaryotes Bacteria are ______________ prokaryotes eukaryotes This storage spaceis a ___________. vacuole http://library.thinkquest.org/3564/Cells/cell93.gif

4. *All living things are made of cells. *Cells are the basic units of structure & function in an organism * Cells are produced from existing cells. Tell the 3 of the parts of the cell theory. Small structure in a cell that performs a specific function organelle

5. Name the Cell PEOPLE German zoologist who concluded all animals are made of cells _______________________ English scientist who 1st saw “little boxes” in cork and called them cells ___________________ Theodor Schwann Robert Hooke

6. Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Burns glucose ____________________ Controls what enters or leaves the cell ___________________ Guides chromosomesduring cell division __________________ Digests unwanted substances or cell parts _______________ Makes proteins ______________________ Contains chromatin ___________________ Cell membrane Centrioles Lysosomes Ribosomes Nucleus

7. Name the Cell PEOPLE American biologist who provided evidence for the Endosymbiotic theory ___________________ German physician who saw dividing cells and reasoned that cells come from existing cells. ___________________ Lynn Margulis Rudolph Virchow

8. Name the Cell PEOPLE Dutch microscope maker who was the first to observe LIVING cells ____________________________ Botanist who concluded that ALL PLANTS are made of cells ______________________________ Anton van Leeuwenhoek Matthias Schleiden

9. eukaryote An animal cell is a ____________. prokaryote eukaryote This organelle isthe ____________ Rough ER http://www.biology4kids.com/files/cell_er.html

10. Name an organelle that assists withmovement Cilia OR flagella OR CYTOSKELETON Name the organelle which is called the “power plant” of the cell because it provides energy mitochondrion

11. vacuole Name the storage space that is larger in plants than animals. Name the molecule that provides the energy for cell activities ATP

12. prokaryotes Cells that have a cell membrane but NOT a nuclear membrane are________________ Name the organelle that acts as the cell’s control center. nucleus

13. Phospholipids & proteins Cell membranes are made of these 2 main kinds of molecules. Name another kind of molecule that could also be found in an animal cell membrane Steroids OR glycoproteins

14. nucleolus Name the dark spot in the nucleus of a cell where ribosomes are made. Membranes that allow certain moleculesto pass through and not others are said to be ___________________ permeable. Selectively OR semi-

15. Programmed cell death or “cell suicide” for the good of the organism Apoptosis ribosomes Proteins are made on the __________ in a cell.

16. Tell which part does it? smooth ER Mitochondria Makes lipidsfor membranes ____________________ Stores energy as ATP ___________________ Spread out DNA __________________ Modifies & transports proteins made on its ribosomes ____________________ Regulates calcium levelsin muscle cells ________________ Supports and protectsplant cells ___________________ chromatin Rough ER Smooth ER Cell wall

17. Non-dividing In what kind of cell would you expect to see chromatin? dividing non-dividing Thylakoid stacks would be seen inside _____________________ Mitochondria Golgi bodies chloroplasts chloroplasts

18. What’s the function? burn glucose; make ATP Make proteins support; protection Mitochondria ____________________ Ribosomes ___________________ Cell wall __________________ Golgi bodies ____________________ Centrioles ________________ Smooth ER ___________________ Package molecules for storage or export Guide chromosomes apart during cell division Make steroids in gland cells; regulate calcium in muscle cells; Break down toxins in liver

19. mitochondria Cell organelles that burn glucose and store energy as ATP. This structureis a __________ Flagellum(pl. flagella)

20. Cytoskeleton, cilia, flagella, OR centrioles Name an organelle that is made of microtubules A membrane protein with carbohydrates attached to its surface that functions in cell identification is called a ____________________ glycoprotein

21. Tell which part does it? Mitochondria Makes ATP ____________________ Controls what enters or leaves the nucleus _________________ Help cell move __________________ Modify, sort, & package substances for transport _________________ Makes ribosomes ______________________ Control center of cell ___________________ nuclear envelope Cilia or flagella Golgi bodies nucleolus Nucleus

22. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalCells.htmlhttp://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalCells.html GOLGI BODY Name this part. According to the Endosymbiotic theory, which organelle probably evolved from photosynthesizing bacteria that were incorporated into early prokaryotic cells? chloroplasts

23. Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has DNA Tell one difference between cilia and flagella. Cilia- many, shorterFlagella-one or two, longer

24. Mitochondria OR chloroplasts Name an organelle besides the nucleus that has a double membrane Give 2 kinds of evidence that support the Endosymbiotic theory. Mitochondria and chloroplasts: have circular DNA like bacteria divide using binary fission like bacteria have lipids in their inner membranes like bacteria have ribosomes like bacteria

25. Tell which part does it? nucleus cytoskeleton Contains genetic info __________________ Give cell shape/support ____________ Few, long structuresfor locomotion __________________ Provide more surfacearea inside mitochondria _________________ Place for photosynthesis __________________ Large storage space ___________________ Intracellular highway ______________________ flagella cristae chloroplast vacuole Rough ER

26. http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalCells.htmlhttp://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AnimalCells.html Smooth ER Name this part. According to the Endosymbiotic theory, which organelle probably evolved from aerobic bacteria that were incorporated into early prokaryotic cells? mitochondria

27. rough Endoplasmic reticulum with ribosomes attached is called _________ ER. Membrane bound sac that contains digestive enzymes. lysosome

28. This organellemakes ATP. mitochondrion Because the phospholipids in a cellmembrane form 2 layers it is called a _____________. bilayer

29. Smooth _________ ER does NOT haveribosomes attached The _______________ is made of microfilaments and microtubules andhelps the cell to maintain its shape. cytoskeleton

30. The yellow part of this phospholipid molecule stays on the outside of the bilayer next to the water environment because it is ______________. polar nonpolar polar

31. Make proteins What is the job of the ribosomes? Pancake-like stack of membranes that modify, sort, &package substances for transport. Golgi body

32. Tell which part does it? smooth ER Mitochondria chromosomes Breaks down toxins ____________________ Power plant ___________________ Tightly scrunched up DNA __________________ Allows molecules in &out of nucleus ____________________ Sacs inside chloroplasts ________________ Supports and protectsbacterial cells ___________________ Nuclear pores thylakoids Cell wall

33. Name a cell part that has this 9 + 2 arrangement of microtubules Cilia OR flagella Organelle in a plant or animal cell that contains the cell’s genetic material. nucleus

34. The folded inner membrane inthe mitochondria which help to increase the surface area for chemical reactions is called the_______________. cristae Ribosomes are made of __________ & __________ Protein RNA

35. http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/animalcells.htm Which of these proteins is a peripheral protein? B; sticks on the surface of the membrane

36. What is the function of the Rough ER? Modify and transport molecules made by its ribosomes This organelle is a _____________ Golgi Body http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/golgi.htm

37. What’s the function? modify/transport proteins Contain DNA; control center support; give shape rough ER ____________________ nucleus ___________________ cytoskeleton __________________ cell membrane ____________________ chloroplast ________________ vacuole ___________________ nucleolus ________________________ Control what enters/leaves cell photosynthesis Stores water, food, molecules, waste Make RNA for ribosomes

38. eukaryote A plant cell is a ______________. prokaryote eukaryote Name the organelle that carries outphotosynthesis. chloroplast

39. Name the sacs found inside chloroplasts that contain the molecules for photosynthesis thylakoids Name the folded membranes found inside mitochondria cristae

40. http://www.tqnyc.org/NYC040844/animalcells.htm Which of these proteins is an integral protein? A; sticks INto the membrane

41. cilia The many short structures on the top of thiscell are __________ Cells that have a nuclear membraneare called ________________ eukaryotes

42. Rough ER Golgi Plasmamembrane ribosomes Describe the pathway a protein like insulin might follow from where it is made until it is secreted by a pancreas cell. _________→_______→______ →_______ Animation from: http://www.franklincollege.edu/bioweb/A&Pfiles/week04.html

43. Smooth ER The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the ____________________ The cytoskeleton is made of ______________ & ______________ Microfilaments microtubules

44. Smooth ER The organelle that regulates calcium in muscle cells, makes lipids for membranes, and breaks down toxins in liver cells is the ____________________ The cytoskeleton is made of ______________ & ______________ Microfilaments microtubules

45. The blue part of this phospholipid molecule stays inside the membrane away from water because it is ______________. polar nonpolar Non polar

46. A B A = ________________ B = ________________ C = ________________ D= _________________ E= __________________ C D E Cell membrane Rough ER nucleus Golgi Body Mitochondrion

47. http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htmhttp://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/Michael.Gregory/files/Bio%20101/Bio%20101%20Lectures/Membranes/membrane.htm “self” identification Tell what this molecule does Tell what this molecule does Store and transfer energy

48. Put in order of increasing size: Organ cell organ system organism tissue _______ _________  _________ _____________ ______________ organ cell tissue organ system organism

49. Name a cell part thatwould use thismolecule It is an amino acid; ribosomes use it to make proteins Name the cell part that makes this molecule mitochondria

50. Put the following cells in order of decreasing size: Bacterium Plant cell Animal cell _________ ________  _________ small smaller smallest Plant Animal Bacterium