Section 2-Polling Question

1. Section 2-Polling Question • A • B • C Do you think it is right for the U.S. government to use force to keep order? A.Yes, always B.Yes, under certain circumstances C.No, never

2. Chapter 9 The Federalist Era 1789-1800 Section 2 Early Challenges

3. Essential Question • What challenges did the United States face during Washington’s administration? • Whiskey Rebellion • Securing the Trans-Appalachian West • French Revolution What challenges did the United States face during Washington’s administration?

4. The Whiskey Rebellion • Part of Hamilton’s financial plan was a tax on whiskey • 1794 • Tax on whiskey angered frontier farmers • Farmers also had trouble taking their crops to market because of bad roads • They decided to make their grain into whiskey

5. More of the Whiskey Rebellion • Whiskey would be easier to carry • They often used whiskey like money to buy salt, sugar, nails, and ammunition • Did not have money to pay taxes • The whiskey tax seemed as unfair as British taxes had been • Some feared more taxes would follow

6. Results of the Whiskey Rebellion • Farmers in western Pennsylvania refused to pay the tax • Farmers took up arms and chased away the tax collectors • Hamilton convinced Washington that troops should be sent to put down the rebellion • 13,000 soldiers went into western Pennsylvania • The rebels fled before a fight • Showed that the National Government had the power and will to enforce laws

7. Struggle Over the West • Washington worried about European ambitions for the Northwest Territory • Washington signed treaties with the Indians • He hoped that this would lessen the influence of the British and Spanish on them • American settlers ignored the treaties and moved onto Indian land • Fighting soon broke out

8. Washington Sends an Army • Washington sends in General Arthur St. Clair • He was to restore order in the Northwest Territory • November 1791, St. Clair’s forces were defeated by Little Turtle, chief of the Miami people • More than 600 American soldiers died in the battle by the Wabash River

9. Alliance With France? • Many believed an alliance with France would help them defeat the British, Spanish, and Indians in the West • The possibility of French involvement prompted Britain to take action in the West • The British urged Indians to destroy American settlements west of the Appalachians • The British began building a new fort in Ohio

10. More Fighting • The Native Americans demanded that all settlers north of the Ohio River leave the territory • Washington sent another army under Anthony Wayne • 2,000 Indian troops planned to ambush Wayne’s smaller force • Wayne’s troops moved closer to Fort Miami

11. The Battle of Fallen Timbers • Wayne knew that it was an Indian custom not to eat before battle • The warriors waited three days for Wayne’s force • Grew weaker and hungrier • Wayne soundly defeated the Indians at the Battle of Fallen Timbers

12. After the Battle of Fallen Timbers • Indians fled to Fort Miami • British closed the gate on them • British would not help them • Battle of Fallen Timbers crushed the Indians’ hope of keeping their land • Indians signed the Treaty of Greenville- agreeing to surrender their homelands in what is now Ohio

13. Problems with Europe • Many Americans cheered the French Revolution, but it soon grew bloody • France and Britain went to war and Washington hoped to maintain neutrality • The French sent diplomat Edmund Genet to recruit American volunteers • Washington then issued a Proclamation of Neutrality • French and British warships were also barred from American ports

14. The British Fight Back • British warships captured American ships that traded with France • The British forced American sailors to join the British navy (impressment) • Washington sent John Jay to negotiate peace with Britain, and Jay’s Treaty was signed • Britain agreed to leave American soil • It said nothing about the impressment or British interference in trade

15. Section 2 • A • B • C • D Jay’s Treaty was an agreement with what country? A.Spain B.France C.Britain D.Russia

16. Treaty With Spain • Spain feared the US and Britain would work together against them in North America • Thomas Pickney was sent to Spain to settle the differences • 1795- Pickney’s Treaty gave the Americans free navigation of the Mississippi River and the right to trade at New Orleans

17. Washington’s Farewell • After two terms • In his farewell he attacked political parties • Also attacked the involvement in foreign affairs • “Observe good faith and justice toward all nations…” • “It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances” • These words influenced the nation’s foreign policy for more than 100 years

18. Essential Question What challenges did the United States face during Washington’s administration? • What challenges did the United States face during Washington’s administration? • Whiskey Rebellion • Securing the Trans-Appalachian West • French Revolution

19. During the Whiskey Rebellion, farmers peacefully protested a special tax. • True • False

20. Washington served three terms as president. • True • False

21. Alexander Hamilton's taxes led to rebellion in • the Oregon country. • western Pennsylvania. • Virginia. • Boston.

22. French and British warships were barred from American ports by the • Declaration of War. • Treaty of Britain. • Treaty of Paris. • Proclamation of Neutrality.

23. What did George Washington consider a grave danger to the new nation? • settlers moving west • national taxes • growth of political parties • France's influence

24. Group Work Each team is responsible for the following Amendments: Group 1 11th and 12th Amendment Group 2 16th and 17th Amendment Group 3 18th and 20th Amendment Group 4 21st and 22nd Amendment Group 5 23rd and 25th Amendment Each group will research their amendments by looking for the following things: When was it ratified? What was the Amendment? (in detail) Who or what group did the Amendment target? Is this amendment still in effect?