Bellringer

1. Bellringer • What are some American values? • Think of things that everyone agrees are good, like “fairness”

2. Agenda • The First Greeks • Foundations of Greek Culture • Ancient Greek Values

3. Objectives Students will be able to… 36. Identify the foundations of Greek values and culture, including the Minoans and Mycenaeans.

4. Objective #36 Ancient Greece • Most historians consider Ancient Greece to be the foundation of our culture today • Understanding Ancient Greece is essential for understanding ourselves • But where did Ancient Greek culture come from?

5. The First Greeks

6. The Minoans • Civilization based on the island of Crete • Capital at Knossos

7. Where is Ancient Greece?

8. Where is Crete?

9. Minoan Civilization • Named after King Minos • You read about him… • Dominant in Mediterranean trade from 2000 to 1400 BCE • Not quite Greek, but Greek-like

10. Palace at Knossos

11. Grand Staircase

12. Theater

13. Plumbing 6 miles of interlocking pipes to bring water from the mountain

14. Art (frescos)

15. Minoans Collapse • Recover from disaster in 1700 BCE • Can’t recover from earthquakes and volcanic eruption in 1470 BCE • Probably invaded from mainland Greece

16. Cultural Diffusion! • Minoans trade throughout Mediterranean • Mainland Greece (Europe) • Asia Minor • Egypt • Spread pottery techniques, religion, and maybe language

17. Then, the Mycenaeans • Nomads settle in Greece, borrow cultural ideas from the Minoans, and probably invade Crete • Mycenaeans • Take over Mediterranean trade • Fall to nomadic invaders around 1200 BCE

18. The Mycenaeans

19. Before they die… • The Mycenaeans create Greek culture • Language • Religion/mythology • Art and literature • They also fight the Trojan War

20. What are some similarities between the Mycenaeans and Minoans? Pre-Greek Civilizations Both conquered Both dominated Mediterranean trade

21. Foundations of Greek Culture

22. Stories • Greek culture is based on stories • Mythology, stories about the world, the gods, and the past • The Homeric Epics (Iliad and Odyssey), stories about heroes • About what it means to be Greek

23. Homeric Epics • Epic = long poem about a hero, important to a culture • Homer = probable author, lived around 750 BCE • Events took place around 1250 BCE (the Mycenaean time)

24. The Iliad • A story about the Trojan War • A prince (Paris) from Troy in Asia Minor captures Helen, the beautiful wife of a Greek king • A huge Greek army attacks Troy, led by Agamemnon, the king of Mycenae • How big was the army?

25. The Iliad • After 10 years surrounding the city, the Greeks trick their way into Troy and destroy the city • How? • Learn a lot about what Greeks wanted in heroes and leaders

26. The Odyssey • After winning the Trojan War, a Greek king named Odysseus tries to go home, but angers the gods • It takes him 10 years and many trials to reach his wife and son • Learn about Greek life at home, what they value in husbands and fathers

27. The Odyssey • Some of Odysseus’ trials • Circe, who turns men into animals • Cannibals • The Sirens’ call • A visit to Hades • Cyclopes • Scylla and Charybdis

28. Not Just Stories • Homeric epics are more than stories, they are history • Everything was bigger and everyone was stronger and better • This shapes how Greeks view themselves and what they value

29. What qualities of the Iliad and Odyssey make it an epic poem? They both have a hero Both display important Greek values Both still part of Greek culture

30. Lion’s Gate

31. Cyclopean Walls

32. Ancient Greek Values

33. Greek Values • Respect the gods • Family • Arete (valor or virtue) • Agon (competition) • Kleosaphthiton(undying glory)

34. Respect the Gods • The gods are like high schoolers • Jealous • Petty • Easily angered • And they hold grudges • Don’t make them angry, or you will pay • Myths tell you how to act • Rule #5

35. The Tale of Croesus • Herodotus: the world’s first historian • Croesus: the king of Lydia, the most powerful kingdom in Western Asia

36. Where is Lydia? Persia Lydia Greece

37. The Oracles • Oracles can see the future • Most famous oracle was at Delphi • Locals will allow you to ask questions of the oracle…for a price Treasury of the Athenians at Delphi

38. Oracle at Delphi

39. A Mighty Empire Falls • The Lydian Empire!

40. A Mule is Monarch • It was Cyrus! • “the mule cited in the oracle is Cyrus himself, who was born from parents of different peoples and different social stations.”

41. The Lessons • Oracles are vague and must be interpreted carefully • Hubris (excessive pride) will bring you down

42. Mr. Poth’s Rule of World History #6 If you act like you can’t lose, you will

43. Family • Loyal to their family and friends, welcome guests as temporary family members • Examples: • Greeks fight for 10 years to get Helen back in the Iliad, led by Helen’s husband’s brother • Odysseus travels for 10 years to return home to his wife, who remains faithful

44. Arete • Your value or worth, your moral excellence • Examples: • Warriors and athletes honored in the Iliad and Odyssey • Celebration of Odysseus’ and Penelope’s intelligence

45. Agon • Competition or conflict, whether in sport, battle, or conversation. The Greeks love to compete • Examples: • Constant athletic challenges throughout the Iliad and Odyssey • Olympic Games

46. KleosAphthiton • Undying glory – the ultimate goal for the Ancient Greeks was to be remembered forever • Examples: • Achilles (Iliad): you know how he died • Kings trying to be the most powerful • Olympic athletes • Spartan warriors