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Explore the anatomy, functions, and common disorders of the muscular system. Learn about different types of muscles, their movements, and how they develop. Test your knowledge with multiple-choice questions and short-answer quizzes.

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  1. Test Format • 3 matching sections • Anterior (19) • Posterior (14) • Movements (13) • 30 Multiple Choice • 4 Short Answer

  2. Game Board

  3. 1 • This is the type of muscle shown by the figure below. Answer: circular Back

  4. 2 • What are 3 of the five golden rules of skeletal muscle activity? Answer: 1. With a few exceptions, all muscles cross at least one joint 2. Typically, the bulk of the muscle lies proximal to the joint crossed 3. All muscles have at least two attachments: -the insertion and the origin 4. Muscles can only pull, they never push 5. During contraction, the insertion moves toward the origin Back

  5. 3 • Name this muscle. Answer: extensor carpiradialislongus Back

  6. 4 • Movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis and is a common movement of ball and socket joints Answer: rotation Back

  7. 5 • This is known as a single, brief, jerky contraction. Answer: muscle twitch Back

  8. 6 • This is the most superficial muscle of the hip that forms most of the flesh of the buttocks and is the most important muscle for extending the hip when power is needed. Answer: gluteus maximus Back

  9. 7 • This type of muscle is striated, involuntary and is arranged in spiral or figure-8 shaped bundles. Answer: cardiac Back

  10. 8 • The fleshy, triangle shaped muscles that form the rounded shape of your shoulders. Because they are so bulky, they are favorite injection site when relatively small amounts of medication must be given intramuscularly. They are also the prime movers of arm abduction. Answer: Deltoid Back

  11. 9 • Name this muscle. Answer: biceps brachii Back

  12. 10 • This type of ATP regeneration breaks glucose down into pyruvic acid and a small amount of ATP (2 per glucose molecule) Answer: anaerobic glycolysis Back

  13. 11 • This type of ATP regeneration uses a high energy molecule called creatine phosphate to recharge ADP molecules. Answer: Direct phosphorylation Back

  14. 12 • This is a disease that caused by a shortage of acetylocholine receptors at the neuromuscular junction and results in generalized muscle weakness and fatigability. Answer: myasthenia gravis Back

  15. 13 • These help the prime mover by producing the same movement or by reducing undesirable movements Answer: synergists Back

  16. 14 • Muscles that oppose or reverse a movement are referred to by this name. Answer: antagonists Back

  17. 15 • How does the muscular system develop in the embryo during pregnancy? Answer: The muscular system is laid down in segments, which are invaded by nerves. Certain larger muscles (like those of the thoracic and lumbar regions) become very extensive and the development of all muscles and their control by the nervous system occurs rather early in the pregnancy. Back

  18. 16 • This is the type of muscle shown by the figure below. Answer: parallel Back

  19. 17 • The thick myofilament contains this protein. Answer: myosin Back

  20. 18 • This muscle is a fairly weak muscle that arises on the humerus and enters the distal forearm, where it mainly resides. Answer: brachioradialis Back

  21. 19 • This is the most common type of muscular dystrophy. It is mostly a male disease in which the muscles lack a protein called dystrophin. Answer: Duchenne’s Back

  22. 20 • This is also known as the kissing muscle. Answer: orbicularis oris Back

  23. 21 • These muscles press the thighs together, and have their origins on the pelvis and insert on the proximal aspect of the femur. Answer: adductor muscles Back

  24. 22 • This type of muscle is striated, voluntary and multinucleated. Answer: skeletal Back

  25. 23 • What are two functions of a muscular system? Answer: Produce movement maintain posture stabilize joints generate heat Back

  26. 24 • Depressing the foot and pointing the toes Answer: plantar flexion Back

  27. 25 • This is the term that is given to the gap between a neuron and muscle. Answer: synaptic cleft Back

  28. 26 • This type of ATP regeneration in the muscle is the most effective (yielding 36 ATP per glucose) but is slow. Answer: aerobic respiration Back

  29. 27 • This is the type of muscle shown by the figure below. Answer: convergent Back

  30. 28 • This muscle is a two bellied muscle that forms the curved half of the posterior leg and inserts into the heel of the foot using the Achilles tendon. It is usually referred to as the calf and as the “toe dancer’s” muscle. Answer: gastrocnemius Back

  31. 29 • This type of muscle is not striated, involuntary and has a single nucleus. Answer: smooth Back

  32. 30 • This is a disease that causes fat and connective tissue to be deposited in the muscle, which causes the muscles fibers to degenerate. Answer: muscular dystrophy Back

  33. 31 • What is this pointing at? Answer: the Z disc Back

  34. 32 • This chewing muscle covers the angle of the lower jaw and is used to close the jaw by elevating the mandible. Answer: masseter Back

  35. 33 • Combines a combination of flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction and results in the limb outlining a cone Answer: circumduction Back

  36. 34 • This is a large muscle that fans across the chest from the shoulder to the breastbone. Answer: pectoralis major Back

  37. 35 • This is also known as the smiling muscle because it raises the corner of the mouth upward. Answer: zygomaticus Back

  38. 36 • The foot movement that allows the sole to turn medially Answer: inversion Back

  39. 37 • This is the toughest connective tissue sheath that surrounds skeletal muscles that covers the entire muscle and blends into either tendons or aponeuroses. Answer: epimysium Back

  40. 38 • Name this muscle. Answer: adduction muscle Back

  41. 39 • This is the delicate connective tissue sheath that covers each muscle fiber. Answer: endomysium Back

  42. 40 • This is the dark banded area of a skeletal muscle. Answer: A band Back

  43. 41 • This organelle stores calcium and releases it when the muscle needs to contract. Answer: sarcoplasmic reticulum Back

  44. 42 • This is the light banded area of a skeletal muscle. Answer: I band Back

  45. 43 • This is the area where a neuron and a muscle meet. Answer: neuromuscular junction Back

  46. 44 • This type of contraction occurs when the muscle is pitted against an unmovable object and therefore cannot contract. Answer: isometric Back

  47. 45 • The foot movement that allows the sole to turn laterally Answer: eversion Back

  48. 46 • This is the type of muscle shown by the figure below. Answer: multipennate Back

  49. 47 • Occurs when the forearm rotates laterally so that the palm faces anteriorly and the radius and ulna are parallel Answer: supination Back

  50. 48 • This type of contraction occurs when the myofilaments are successful in their sliding movements and the muscle contracts. Answer: isotonic Back

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