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The Human Face of Poverty: Disparities in North-South Relations

Explore the stark contrast in the lives of Nthabiseng and Pieter, representing the complex dynamics of poverty and wealth in varying regions. Delve into the principles of Marxism, Leninism on imperialism, and Dependency Theory to understand the structural roots of global inequality and underdevelopment. Reflect on potential solutions like import substitution, state-facilitated industrialization, and liberalization. Join the discourse on breaking the cycle of poverty and fostering sustainable development.

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The Human Face of Poverty: Disparities in North-South Relations

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  1. North South Relations

  2. The Human Face of PovertyBorn on the same day: • Nthabiseng • Poor, black, African girl • Rural area, 700 miles from Cape Town, South Africa • To an illiterate mother • Pieter • African, while, well-off family • Born in Cape Town • To a college-educated mother • Sven • Born to an average Swedish family

  3. Prospects in life

  4. Poverty • Over 1bn. People live on less than a dollar/day • Poor access to water, sanitation, food, health care • Situation has improve in some areas, but not in others

  5. Growing Income Disparities

  6. Marxism • Structure of capitalism: • Means of production • Relations of production: • capital owns means of production • Exploitation of labor ->class struggle • Superstructure of capitalism • Ideology, legal, political system

  7. Lenin on Imperialism • Capitalism leads to imperialism • Drive for capital accumulation and access to natural resources • States serve the interests of capital • Imperialist powers divide the world • Use colonies for resource extraction • Perpetuate class inequality across the globe

  8. Dependency Theory • Capitalism perpetuates dependency relations between • The Core/North and • The Periphery/South • Result: underdevelopment

  9. Poverty Mapping: Distribution of Income Groups

  10. Poverty MappingDoctors per population

  11. Infant Mortality

  12. Women, Education, and Infrant Mortality

  13. Sources of Poverty • Historical core-periphery relations? • Contemporary core-periphery relations? • Weak domestic institutions and policies? • Climate? • Disease? • All of the above->vicious circle?

  14. Structural Solutions? • Import substitution: Brazil 1970s, 1980s • State-facilitated industrialization and trade: • The Asian Tigers • Liberalization: “the Golden Straightjacket”?

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