1 / 17

Needs Assessment

Needs Assessment. Where do I begin?. Why a Needs Assessment?. Provides objective data to define important health problems, set priorities for program implementation, and establish a baseline for evaluating program impact . Grunbaum et al., 1995. p. 54. What is a Needs Assessment?.

robyn
Download Presentation

Needs Assessment

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Needs Assessment Where do I begin?

  2. Why a Needs Assessment? Provides objective data to define important health problems, set priorities for program implementation, and establish a baseline for evaluating program impact. Grunbaum et al., 1995. p. 54

  3. What is a Needs Assessment? “. . . the process by which the program planner identifies and measures gaps between what is and what ought to be.” Windsor, Baranowski, Clark & Cutter (1994)

  4. Alternative Terms • Community analysis • Community diagnosis • Assessment

  5. Needs Assessment ?’s • Who is the priority population? • What are the needs of the priority population? • Which subgroups within the priority population have the greatest need? • Where are these subgroups located geographically? • What is currently being done to resolve identified needs? • How well have the identified needs been addressed in the past?

  6. Needs Assessment and the PRECEDE/PROCEED Model • Phase 1: Social Assessment • Phase 2: Epidemiological Assessment • Phase 3: Behavioral and Environmental Assessment • Phase 4: Educational and Ecological Assessment • Phase 5: Administrative and Policy Assessment

  7. Needs Assessment Data • Secondary Data: Data available from other sources • Primary Data: Data generated by the program planner

  8. Sources of Primary Data Data from Individuals Who? • Potential participants from priority population • Significant others • Opinion leaders • Key informants How? • Single-step/cross-sectional surveys • Multi-step surveys

  9. Sources of Primary Data Data from Groups How? • Community forum/Town meeting • Focus group • Nominal group process • Observation • Self-assessments * e.g. Health assessments; Health risk appraisals

  10. Sources of Secondary Data Governmental Agencies • U.S. Department of Commerce/Bureau of the Census • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics * National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) * National Health and Examination Survey (NHANES) * National Hospital Discharge Survey (NHDS) * National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) * Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS)

  11. Sources of Secondary Data (cont’d) • State and local agencies • Non-governmental agencies and organizations (e.g. American Heart Association, American Cancer Society, etc.) • Existing records • The literature

  12. Using Data • One in 4 Americans have high blood pressure • Of these, 30% don’t know they have it • One in 3 African-Americans have high blood pressure • Almost 30% of Georgians report that they get no regular physical activity • Risk factors for CHD are: smoking, high cholesterol, sedentary lifestyle, hypertension, and obesity • 102.3 million American adults have total blood cholesterol values of 200 mg/dL and higher, and about 41.3 million American adults have levels of 240 or above. In adults, total cholesterol levels of 240 mg/dL or higher are considered high, and levels from 200 to 239 mg/dL are considered borderline-high. • Heart disease is the leading killer of Americans today • Stroke is the #3 killer of Americans • Georgia is considered to be the “buckle” of the “stroke belt” of the nation

  13. Summary of Data Collection Methods • Mail survey • Face-to-face interview • Telephone interview • Focus groups • The Delphi technique • Nominal group process • Medical examination • Examination of existing data • Analysis of news articles

  14. Conducting a Needs Assessment • Determine the purpose and scope of the needs assessment • Gathering data • Analyzing the data • Identifying the factors linked to the health problem (Stage 3 of PRECEDE/PROCEED) • Identifying the program focus (Stage 4 of PRECEDE/PROCEED) • Validating the prioritized needs

  15. Prioritizing Needs • Which problem has the greatest impact? • Are certain groups at special risk? • Which problems are most susceptible to intervention? • Which problem is not being addressed by other agencies?

  16. Prioritizing Needs • Which problem has the greatest potential for an attractive yield of benefits? • Are any of the problems ranked highly as a regional or national priority? Green & Kreuter, 1991

  17. Activities on the Web Visit the following websites. Complete the risk assessments from two different sites and write a paragraph for each describing how you think each assessment could be used as part of a needs assessment. • Oxygen media: http://www.thriveonline.com/cgi-bin/hmi/healthportrait.cgi • American Heart Association: http://www.americanheart.org • Greenstone Healthcare Solution: http://www.youfirst.com/ • American Diabetes Association: http://www.diabetes.org/

More Related