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The Road to Revolution: (1761-1776)

The Road to Revolution: (1761-1776). Was the American Revolution Inevitable??. Theories of Representation. Real Whigs. Q-> What was the extent of Parliament’s authority over the colonies??. Absolute?. OR Limited?.

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The Road to Revolution: (1761-1776)

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  1. The Road to Revolution: (1761-1776)

  2. Was the American Revolution Inevitable??

  3. Theories of Representation Real Whigs Q->What was the extent of Parliament’s authority over the colonies?? Absolute? OR Limited? Q->How could the colonies give or withhold consent for parliamentary legislation when they did not have representation in that body??

  4. Rethinking Their Empire British Government took measures to prevent smuggling: • 1761 writs of assistance • James Otis’ case • Protection of a citizen’s private property must be held in higher regard than a parliamentary statute. • He lost  parliamentary law and custom had equalweight.

  5. George Grenville’s Program, 1763-1765 1.Sugar Act - 1764 2.Currency Act - 1764 3.Quartering Act - 1765 4.Stamp Act - 1765

  6. Stamp Act Crisis Sons of Liberty – began in NYC: Samuel Adams Loyal Nine- 1765

  7. Stamp Act Congress – 1765 * Stamp Act Resolves

  8. Parliament passed a law giving it full authority over the colonies. Parliament declared all colonial laws null and void. Parliament denied the right to vote to colonists living in North America. Declaratory Act – 1766

  9. Costs of Colonial Resistance

  10. Townshend Duties Crisis: 1767-1770 1767 William Pitt, Prime Minister & Charles Townshend, Secretary of the Exchequer. (Townshend Act) • Shift from paying taxes for British war debts & quartering of troops  paying colonial government’s salaries. • He diverted revenue collection from internal to external trade. • Tax these imports  paper, paint, lead, glass, tea. • Increase custom officials at American ports  established a Board of Customs in Boston.

  11. Colonial Response to British Excise Taxes & Duty Collecting —Tar & Feathering The Bostonians Paying the Excise-Man, 1774 British propaganda print referring to the tarring and feathering of Boston Commissioner of Customs John Malcolm four weeks after the Boston Tea Party. The men also poured hot tea down Malcolm's throat as can be seen.

  12. Colonial Response to the Townshend Duties 1. John Dickinson  1768*Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania. 2. 1768  2nd non-importation movement:*“Daughters of Liberty”*spinning bees 3. Riots against customs agents:* John Hancock’s ship, the Liberty.* 4000 British troops sent to Boston.

  13. For the first time, many colonists began calling people who joined the non-importation movement, "patriots!"

  14. The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770) Boston Massacre of 1770 by Paul Revere

  15. The Boston Massacre (March 5,1770) Boston Massacre. Henry Pelham, stepbrother of painter John Singleton Copley.Pelham published his design nearly two weeks after Paul Revere's.

  16. The Boston Massacre Trials (1770) • Captain Thomas Preston & 8 British Soldiers Tried for Role in “The Boston Massacre” • John Adams—Defended Captain Preston & 8 British Soldiers • More than 80 witnesses called to the stand to testify. • Results of the Trial: • Preston was acquitted (Sons of Liberty Surprised & Bitter—seeing John Adams defended him.) • Pvts. Montgomery and Killroy guilty of manslaughter, though they committed a capital offense, punishment  they were branded on the thumb.

  17. The Gaspee Incident(1772) Providence, RI coast

  18. Committees of Correspondence Purpose warn neighboring colonies about incidents with Br. broaden the resistance movement.

  19. Tea Act (1773) • British East India Co.: • Monopoly on British tea imports. • Many members of Parliament held shares. • Permitted the Co. to sell tea directly to colonies without colonial middlemen (cheaper tea!) • North expected the colonists to eagerly choose the cheaper tea.

  20. The Coercive or Intolerable Acts (1774) 1.Boston Port Act Lord North 2.Massachusetts Government Act 3. New Quartering Act 4.Administration of Justice Act

  21. TheQuebec Act (1774)

  22. First Continental Congress (1774) 55 delegates from 12 colonies Agenda How to respond to the Coercive Acts & the Quebec Act? 1 vote per colony represented.

  23. Boston Tea Party (1775) This 1846 lithograph has become a classic image of the Boston Tea Party.

  24. Boston Tea Party (1775) Engraving. Plate by W.D. Cooper

  25. The British Are Coming . . . Paul Revere & William Dawes make their midnight ride to warn the Minutemen of approaching British soldiers.

  26. The Shot Heard ’Round the World! Lexington & Concord– April 18,1775

  27. The Second Continental Congress(1775) Olive Branch Petition

  28. Was the American Revolution Inevitable??

  29. Thomas Paine: Common Sense

  30. Declaration of Independence (1776)

  31. Declaration of Independence

  32. Independence Hall

  33. New National Symbols

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