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The Cold War

This chapter explores the significance of the Cold War in shaping international relations. It discusses the causes of the Cold War, the conflicts that brought the world to the brink of war, the role of art and propaganda, the danger of nuclear war, and key events such as the Berlin Blockade, the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Korean War. It also examines the collapse of the Soviet Union and its implications.

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War – Its Importance in International Relations Chapter 22

  2. What Will I Learn? • Recognise the importance of the Cold War in international relations • Explore the Nature of History

  3. What was the Cold War? What caused the Cold War? See Skills Book p. 194

  4. Why was the Cold War Important? Different ways of life To the brink of World War Recognising the importance of the Cold War Conflict between capitalism and communism Art and propaganda Danger of nuclear war Space Race See Skills Book p. 196

  5. Art and Propaganda • Contributed to tensions between both sides

  6. Danger of Nuclear War

  7. The Space Race See Skills Book p. 197

  8. Conflict in the Cold War The Berlin Blockade The Cuban Missile Crisis The Korean War • These conflicts brought the world to the edge of a world war

  9. What was the importance of the Berlin Blockade, 1948–49? • Germany divided into 4 occupied zones after WWII • Berlin divided into 4 sectors

  10. Blockade and Airlift • Americans and British launched a new currency – the Deutschmark • Soviet Union cut off road, rail and canal links to West Berlin • Also cut off power supplies from Soviet zone • Allies use airlift to get supplies to West Berlin • Operation Vittles

  11. Blockade Lifted Source 1 A Britain cartoon on the Berlin Blockade Airlift (1948) • Food rationed • Industry closed down • 125,000 lost jobs • Huge meetings to keep up spirits • Stalin realised he could not win • Stalin lifted the blockade • Danger of world war ended Source 2 Planes were taking off every thirty seconds, soldiers were unloading trucks, themaintenance shops were a beehive of activity, the mess halls and clubs were open. It was a twenty-four hour operation. The commanding officer stood in the control tower with his stop-watch, checking the timing of the planes. To most people it seemed an impossible task to meet the needs of 2,000,000 people by airlift. But, except for water, Berlin was supplied with everything by air. (Account by US airman, 1948)

  12. Why was the Berlin Blockade important?

  13. What was the Importance of the Korean War, 1950–53? • Korea divided along 38th parallel after WWII • North Korea supported by Soviet Union • South Korea supported by USA • North Korea invaded South Korea Harry Truman Mao Zedong

  14. Progress of the War • Truman provided US support • United Nations organised UN forces to support South Korea • Led by MacArthur – advanced towards Chinese border • Mao Zedong provided Chinese troops to back North Korea • MacArthur dismissed • War dragged on • 2 new leaders • Eisenhower in US and Khrushchev in Soviet Union made peace • Border remained the same

  15. Why was the Korean War important? See Skills Book p. 198

  16. Why was the Cuban Missile Crisis Important? • US supported Batista, dictator of Cuba • Sugar exported to US • Castro, communist leader, took over • Nationalised sugar plantations • Took over US businesses • US refused to buy sugar • Castro got help from Khrushchev, Soviet leader • US organised failed invasion – Bay of Pigs • Soviets constructed missile sites in Cuba Castro Kennedy Khrushchev See Skills Book p. 199

  17. The Progress of the Crisis • Kennedy of US ordered blockade of Cuba • Danger of nuclear war • Soviet ships heading for Cuba • Khrushchev agreed to dismantle missile bases if US agreed not to invade Cuba • Agreement reached See Skills Book p. 200

  18. Source 2 The change of Cuba into an important strategic (planned military advantage) base by the presence of long-range offensive weapons of mass destruction (missiles) creates a clear threat to the peace and security of all the Americas … This sudden and secret decision to place strategic weapons outside of Soviet soil is a deliberately provocative (challenging) and unjustified change in the existing state of affairs … We will not risk the costs of worldwide nuclear war in which the fruits of victory would be ashes in our mouth – but neither will we shrink from the risk at any time. (President Kennedy’s television address, October 1962)

  19. Photographic evidence Source 3 A missile site in Cuba

  20. Why was the Cuban Missile Crisis important?

  21. Why was the Collapse of the Soviet Union Important? • Cold War competition between Soviet Union and USA • Soviet economy not strong enough • Soviets involved in war in Afghanistan • Gorbachev, Soviet leader, wanted to reform the Soviet Union • Gorbachev made agreement with Reagan, US President, to stop arms race • Gorbachev promised not to interfere in Eastern European countries • Led to collapse of Communism there • Berlin Wall knocked down • Germany united

  22. Why was the collapse of the Soviet Union important? • Communism collapsed in Soviet Union • The break-up of the Soviet Union • Creation of independent republics See Skills Book p. 201

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