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The English Colonies

Explore the initial English colonies in the Americas - motives of raw materials, religion, and land, struggles faced, and impact on societal development. Learn about Jamestown, Plymouth, Massachusetts Bay, economic activities, and Native American relations.

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The English Colonies

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  1. The English Colonies U.S. History C. Corning 2011

  2. First Colonies • First English Colonies – motives: raw materials/mineral extraction, religious freedom (for themselves – not always others!), land • Newfoundland – 1583 – Sir Humphrey Gilbert • New Foundland Colony • Roanoke – Sir Walter Raleigh, 1st attempt 1585, 2nd – 1587 – 1590 (John White Family) – Families and individuals • Roanoke Colony

  3. Jamestown • Jamestown – Virginia Company of London – April 1607/144 settlers (Blog: Jamestown Resources) • Historic Jamestown • Profit oriented – initially gold/silver, furs • John Smith/No work, no food – Dec 1607 – 38 survivors • Disease, hunger, Native Americans

  4. John Smith And here in Florida, Virginia, New-England, and Cannada, is more land than all the people in Christendome can manure, and yet more to spare than all the natives of those Countries can use and cultivate. The natives are only too happy to share: If this be not a reason sufficient to such tender consciences; for a copper kettle and a few toyes, as beads and hatchets, they will sell you a whole Country . . . the Massachusets have resigned theirs freely. Advertisements

  5. Jamestown • 1609 – 600 new colonists! – The Starving Time – only 60 survive • More settlers continue to arrive – who are these people? Why do they keep coming? • Jamestown Settlers • Cash crop – tobacco (Brown Gold)/ Labor – indentured servants • African laborers (not slaves) arrive 1619 – slaves more expensive than indentured labor • Slavery in Colonial America • House of Burgesses - 1619 • 1624 – Virginia now a royal colony

  6. Plymouth • Plymouth Colony, New England – 1620 (Pilgrims/Separatists – Church of England) • Brief History of the Plymouth Colony • 1608 – Pilgrims moved to Leiden, Holland • Private investment from outside of the Pilgrims – The Virginia Company of Plymouth • Mayflower – Sept 6 until Nov 11- landed north of their charter – 102 colonists consisting of Pilgrims (37) and non-Pilgrims - families and individuals (29 women/73 men)

  7. Plymouth • Mayflower Compact – agreement to a civil government and loyalty to the King – signed by 41 passengers (men of legal age - what about the others?) • Initial contact – saw no Native Americans until March 1621 – Samoset / Squanto / Chief Massasoit • “God had cleared a place for them” (see map 1493) • Thanksgiving story – 1621 – Day of Thanksgiving – Harvest Festivals – Religious practices (days of prayer and feasts) – not observed as national holiday until Lincoln administration (sometimes celebrated by other presidents as a one-time event) • Economy – based on fishing and furs, limited agriculture • 1691 – absorbed in Massachusetts Bay Colony

  8. Massachusetts Bay • Massachusetts Bay Colony – 1630 – (Puritans – “purify” not break with Church of England – however suffered from discrimination) • Joint-stock enterprise – however leaders brought the charter with them to the New World (no changes possible!) • Predominately families – more stable population, quick population increases • John Winthrop – City on a Hill

  9. John Winthrop For we must consider that we shall be as a city upon a hill. The eyes of all people are upon us. So that if we shall deal falsely with our God in this work we have undertaken... we shall be made a story and a by-word throughout the world. We shall open the mouths of enemies to speak evil of the ways of God... We shall shame the faces of many of God's worthy servants, and cause their prayers to be turned into curses upon us til we be consumed out of the good land whither we are a-going.[1]

  10. Massachusetts Bay • Close relationship between church and state, limited suffrage, limited representational government – first with a governor and council, later lower legislative houses • No real “cash crop” – agricultural for subsistence needs only, focus on timber, fur and fish – later commercial and shipping industry evolves • Northern ships bring slaves to the Caribbean and the South • http://www.slaverysite.com/slave%20trade.htm

  11. Massachusetts Bay • Friction within the colony – Roger Williams (Providence/Rhode Island), Anne Hutchinson (Rhode Island, later New Amsterdam) • Native American relations – “land use” disputes, colonial expansion (New Hampshire and Connecticut), Pequot War (1637) and King Philip’s War (1675) • No intermarriage or going “native” • Negative impact on Native American population

  12. Massachusetts Bay • By 1740 Boston is the largest city in British North America (Why does Washington D.C. become the capital of U.S.A.?) • http://www.welt-atlas.de/datenbank/karten/karte-7-245.gif

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