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Body Systems. Chapter 15. Chapter 15.1. The Skeletal system. Your Body’s Framework. Skeletal System – is an internal system made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue. Made up of 3 parts Bones Joints Connective Tissues. Bones. There are 206 Bones in the Body Funtions of Bones
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Body Systems Chapter 15
Chapter 15.1 The Skeletal system
Your Body’s Framework • Skeletal System – is an internal system made up of bones, joints, and connective tissue. • Made up of 3 parts • Bones • Joints • Connective Tissues
Bones • There are 206 Bones in the Body • Funtions of Bones • Allow Movement • Provide Support • Protect other parts of your body • Form new blood cells • Store minerals
Joints • Joints – the points at which bones meet. • Types of Joints • Hinge Joints – move in one direction only • Gliding Joints – enable bones to slide over one another. • Pivot Joint – moves from side to side and up and down and allows for limited rotation. • Ball and socket joint – move in all direction, allowing rotation.
Connective Tissues • Cartilage – Strong, flexible tissue that provides cushioning at your joints. • Ligaments – Strong cords of tissue that connect the bones in each joint. • Tendons – Tough bands of tissue that attach your muscles to bones.
Problems of the Skeletal System • Fracture – a break in a bone caused by an injury. • Dislocation – Occurs when a bone is pushed out of its joint. • Sprain – stretching of twisting of ligaments in a joint • Osteoarthritis – a breakdown of cartilage that causes swelling and stiffness of joints.
Problems Continued… • Scoliosis – a sideways curvature of the spine. • Osteoporosis – a condition characterized by brittle and porous bones.
Chapter 15.2 The muscular system
Muscular System • Your muscular system is the group of structures that make your body parts move. • Muscles are all throughout your body. • Muscles are located in your intestines, heart, and on your skeletal system.
Types of Muscle Tissue • Skeletal muscles – muscle attached to bones that enables you to move your body. • Smooth muscle – muscle found in organs and in blood vessels and glands. • Cardiac muscle – muscle only found in the walls of your heart.
Problems with the Muscular System • Pulled of torn muscle – Muscle has been torn away from the bone or has been damaged within itself. • Muscle strain – any type of soreness that develops in a muscle because of overuse. Caused by small tears in the muscle. • Cramped muscle – muscle remains contracted rather than extending. Usually a sign of dehydration.
Chapter 15.3 The circulatory system
What is the Circulatory System? • The Circulatory System consists of organs and tissues that transport essential materials to body cells and remove their waste products.
Blood • Plasma – made up of 92% water. Transports blood solids, nutrients, hormones, and other minerals. • Red blood cells – carry oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide away from them. • White blood cells – help fight disease and infection. • Platelets – help blood form a clot at the site of a wound.
Problems of the Circulatory System • Hypertension – a condition in which blood pressure is consistently higher than normal. • Stroke – usually results from blood clots that block vessels in the brain. • Heart Attack – is blockage of the flow of blood to the heart. • Arteriosclerosis – a condition in which arteries harden.
Care of the Circulatory System • Limit fat in your food • Get regular exercise • Avoid tobacco • Manage stress
Chapter 15.4 The respiratory system
What is the Respiratory System? • The organs that provide the body with a continuous supply of oxygen and rid the body of carbon dioxide.
Problems with the Respiratory System • Influenza – colds caused by viruses • Bronchitis – Swelling of the bronchi • Allergies – immune responses to foreign substances • Asthma – inflammatory disease that causes the bronchi to become blocked or narrowed • Pnumonia – lung infection caused by viruses or bacteria
Emphysema – disease in which the alveoli are damaged or destroyed • Tuberculosis – bacterial lung infection that causes a dry cough in early stages. • Lung Cancer – a disease in which tissues of the lung are destroyed by the growth of a tumor.
Care of the Respiratory System • Stay active • Avoid smoking and secondhand smoke • Avoid polluted air • Reduce your risk of respiratory infection
Chapter 15.4 The nervous system
What is the Nervous System? • There are 2 parts • The Central Nervous System • The brain and the spinal cord • The Peripheral Nervous System • The nerves that connect the CNS to all parts of the body.
What are neurons? • Neurons are specialized cells that make up the nervous system.
Problems with the Nervous System • Head injury – Usually caused by a blow to the head • Spinal cord injury • Nerve inflammation
Chapter 15.6 The digestive system
What is the Digestive System • The digestive system is an organ system that converts food to a form useful to the body. • Digestion is the changing of food you eat into substances the body can use.
Parts of the Digestive System • Small Intestine – a coiled, tubelike organ that is about 20 feet long. • Large Intestine – transports waste out of the body and absorbs water from the waste before it leaves. • Liver – large gland that has many digestive functions. • Gallbladder – small, saclike organ that stores bile • Pancreas – an organ that produces enzymes that assist in digestion.
Problems with the Digestive System • Indigestion • Diarrhea • Ulcers • Cirrhosis • Gallstones • Kidney Stones • Appendicitis • Hemorrhoids • Colon Cancer
Care of the Digestive System • Eat a variety of food • Eat complete meals • Do not rush your meals • Chew food thoroughly • Drink plenty of water • See your dentist regularly
Chapter 15.7 The endocrine system
What is the Endocrine System? • A chemical communication system that regulates many body functions. • It is made up of glands. • A Gland is a group of cells, or an organ, that secretes a chemical substance.
Problems of the Endocrine System • Diabetes • Overactive Thyroid • Underactive Thyroid • Growth Extremes
Caring for the Endocrine System • Eat balanced meals • Get enough sleep • Engage in regular physical activity • Keep things in perspective • Have regular medical checkups
