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FORCES IN ACTION

UNIT 2. FORCES IN ACTION. MACHINES MOVE THE WORLD. Marta Vidal Vidal. L3 L4 L5 L6. ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727). FIRST LAW OF MOTION. INERTIA An object at rest stays at rest , an object in motion stays in motion. Why does an object stop its motion?.

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FORCES IN ACTION

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  1. UNIT 2 FORCES IN ACTION MACHINES MOVE THE WORLD Marta Vidal Vidal L3L4L5L6

  2. ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727) FIRST LAW OF MOTION. INERTIA An object at rest stays at rest, an object in motion stays in motion. Why does an object stop its motion? Why do objects change its direction? Because it is the result of an UNBALANCED FORCE applied upon an object.

  3. Unbalanced force Start motion Stop motion Change direction Change shape

  4. Balanced force • No change • No visible effect

  5. WHICHFORCES INFLUENCE MOTION? Contact forces Friction Push/Pull Weight Non-contact forces Gravity Magnetism superconducting FORCE is any influence that causes a free body to undergo a change in speed, a change in direction, or a change in shape.

  6. HANDS ON! Friction PROBLEM: How do different surfaces affect the movement of the objects? MATERIALS: Pencil, toy car, metric tape, 4 clothespegs, tape, scissors, aluminium foil, wax paper, recycled paper, sand paper, a calculator and plastic cable covers. STEPS: 1. Predict the distance of the toy car on each surface. 2. Create a ramp using 4 clothespegs and plastic cable covers. 3. Drop the toy car and measure the distance. 4. Do 3 different trials for each surface and calculate total distance. Play with friction

  7. HANDS ON! Friction PROBLEM: How do different surfaces affect the movement of the objects? STEPS: 1. Predict the distance of the toy car on each surface.

  8. HANDS ON! Friction PROBLEM: How do different surfaces affect the movement of the objects? STEPS: 2. Create a ramp using 4 clothespegs and plastic cable covers.

  9. HANDS ON! Friction PROBLEM: How do different surfacesaffect the movement of the objects? STEPS: 3. Drop the toy car and measure the distance. 4. Do 3 different trials for each surface and calculate thetotal distance. Total distance = trial 1 + trial 2 + trial 3 3

  10. ENGLISH DECIMALS IS IN . (DOT) SPANISH DECIMALS IS IN , (COMMA) WEIGHT MASS is a measurement of how much matter is in an object. WEIGHT is a measurement of how hard gravity is pulling on that object. On Earth 1 kg of mass = 9.8 newtons Gravity on Earth is 1G = 9.8 newtons WEIGHT = MASS x GRAVITY WEIGHT = 1kg x 1 1 WEIGHT = 1 Kg or is = 9.8 newtons On Earth our mass is equal to our weight. MASS = 1kg WEIGHT= 1kg

  11. What will happen to our weight if we travel around space? Our MASS is the same everywhere but if we travel over the universe we have a different WEIGHT MASS = 60 Kg WEIGHT = 60 Kg MASS = 60 Kg WEIGHT = 60 x 0.16 WEIGHT = 9.6 Kg

  12. Calculate your weight in the Solar System Look at the gravity of the planets, the sun and the Moon and calculate your weight in respect to those.

  13. Look at your results and underline the correct part of the sentence. Calculate your weight in newtons

  14. WHAT IS FORCE? It can be a PUSH or a PULL. OBJECT PULL PUSH FORCE FORCE

  15. Is it a push or a pull?

  16. ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727) SECOND LAW OF MOTION. THE UNIT FOR THE FORCE IS IN NEWTONS The strength of a force is equal to the amount of the mass involved multiplied by any acceleration applied to it. F = m x a If the mass is bigger the effect of the FORCEis smaller If the mass is smaller the effect of the FORCE is bigger F F

  17. HANDS ON! Newtons MATERIALS: - Pencil - Tape measure - Weighing scale - Dynamometer - 3 objects. PROBLEM: How do you use a dynamometer? What is the relationship between mass and force? STEPS: 1. Predict the power of the force needed to move the objects. Write a number from 1 to 3 (from bigger force to a smaller force).

  18. HANDS ON! Newtons MATERIALS: - Pencil - Tape measure - Weighing scale - Dynamometer - 3 objects. PROBLEM: How do you use a dynamometer? What is the relationship between mass and force? STEPS: 2. Measure the objects with a weighing scale and record it in your data table.

  19. HANDS ON! Newtons MATERIALS: - Pencil - Tape measure - Weighing scale - Dynamometer - 3 objects. PROBLEM: How do you use a dynamometer/spring scale? What is the relationship between mass and force? STEPS: 3. Put a tape measure on the floor and measure 100 cm in straight line. 4. Attach the object to the dynamometer and pull it along a distance of 100 cm and record the result in your data table.

  20. HANDS ON! Newtons MATERIALS: - Pencil - Tape measure - Weighing scale - Dynamometer - 3 objects. PROBLEM: How do you use a dynamometer? What is the relationship between mass and force? STEPS: 5. Write your conclusion about the experiment. 6. Share and check the results with the whole class. If the mass of an object is bigger the force needed to move it is bigger. If the mass of an object issmallerthe force needed to move it is smaller.

  21. ISAAC NEWTON (1642-1727) THIRD LAW OF MOTION ACTION AND REACTION All forces occur in pairs. For every action that takes place there is an equal and opposite reaction.

  22. FORCE It is any influence that causes a free body to undergo a change in speed, a change in direction, or a change in shape. CONTACT FORCES It is a force that acts at the point of contact between two objects. It is the force resisting the relative motion of solid surfaces, fluid layers, and/or material elements sliding against each other. FRICTION PULL It is a force that can move something towards somebody/something. PUSH It is a force that can move something away from somebody/something. NON-CONTACT FORCES It is a force applied to an object by another body that is not in direct contact with it. MAGNETISM Force of attraction or repulsion acting between ferromagnetic materials like iron. It is a force that pulls all objects towards the center of the Earth. GRAVITY

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