Fundamentals of Purity and Prayer

1. Fundamentals of Purity and Prayer Lecture 13 May 4, 2014

2. Breaking Prayer

3. Breaking the Prayer Necessary to break any prayer: • To respond to a call from someone in an emergency or distress, to prevent an injury to someone, if someone is in imminent danger, to save a life Permissible to break any prayer: • To prevent the theft or loss of anything worth at least 1 dirham, regardless of who the item belongs to • For a shepherd to protect his sheep from a wolf or any threat • For a midwife if she fears the death of the child in birth • For a traveler if fear of highway robbery

4. Prayer of Traveler

5. Prayer of Traveler • Watanasli • Permanent residence • Prayers are never shortened here • Wataniqama • Temporary residence, where one intends to stay for 15 days or more • Prayers are not shortened here, unless the person makes intention to travel or intends a new wataniqama • Safar • State of travelling 48 miles or more away from one’s watan, intending to stay for 14 days or less • Wajib to shorten all 4 rak’atfard prayers to 2 rak’at

6. Prayer of Traveler • Distances are measured from the borders of the hometown and the town where one is travelling to • A person who intends to travel a distance of 48 miles or more will become a traveler once he passes the limits of his city • A person will become a resident once he crosses the boundaries of his hometown • Or he makes the intention to remain in any place for 15 days or more • Intention is necessary for determining one’s status as traveler or resident

7. Prayer of Traveler • Wajib to shorten all 4 rak’at prayers to 2 rak’at while travelling • If one does not, will be considered makruhtahrim • If one prays 4 rak’at forgetfully and remembers during the prayer, must perform sajdahsahw • Sunnah prayers may be left while traveling • 2 rak’at before Fajr are highly emphasized to pray • Once one reaches his destination, should pray one’s sunnah prayers if possible • Will not be shortened

8. Prayer of Traveler • Permissible for traveler to pray behind resident imam • Traveler must perform the full prayer • Permissible for traveler imam to lead resident(s) in prayer • Traveler imam should inform the congregation that he is a traveler, before and after the prayer • When traveler imam finishes 2 rak’at, resident followers will not say salams and complete the remaining 2 rak’at • Without reciting any Qur’an • Any missed prayers while traveling must be shortened when made up, even if no longer traveling • Prayers missed while resident will be made up in full, even if traveling

9. Prayer of Sick Person

10. Prayer of Sick Person • If one cannot stand due to sickness/injury, he will perform prayer while sitting • Performing ruku and sujud as usual • If cannot perform ruku or sujud sitting, will perform by indicating using his head • If cannot sit at all, will lie down on back or side with face directed toward Qiblaand indicate using his head • If cannot indicate using head, will postpone the prayer and make it up later • If condition persists for 6 prayers or more, will not need to be made up • Same ruling for one who loses consciousness/sanity for 6 prayers or more

11. Missed Prayers of Deceased • Missed prayers due upon a person should be indicated in one’s will • For the one who passes away without having made up prayers due upon him, the family should give away one fidyah in charity for each missed fard and witr prayer • Permissible to give multiple fidyah to a single poor person • One may bequeath up to 1/3 of their wealth to go toward missed prayers • Not permissible to make up the actual prayers on behalf of the person

12. Witr Prayer

13. Witr Prayer • The witr prayer is mandatory (wajib) to pray after the fard of Isha • Consists of 3 rak’at, prayer together with one set of salams • In the 3rdrak’at, it is mandatory to recite Al-Fatihathen one additional surah • Afterward, one says “Allahuakbar” while raising the hands in the same manner as the TakbirTahrima (raising hands is sunnah) • One then remains standing and recites the qunut (mandatory) silently, then completes the rest of the prayer • If one forgets to recite the qunut, should perform sajdahsahw • Prayed in congregation only in Ramadan

14. SajdahSahw

15. SajdahSahw • Sajdahsahw is mandatory (waib) when one • Unintentionally misses a wajib during prayer • Delays a wajib during prayer • Delays a fard during prayer • If a wajib is intentionally left, wajib to repeat the prayer • After reciting tashahhud in final sitting • Perform single salam to right • Recite takbir and perform 2 normal sujud • Perform the final sitting from beginning and complete prayer as normal

16. SajdahSahw • If forget to perform sahw • If still sitting in place of prayer without having performed any non-prayer actions • Immediately perform the sajdah of sahw and finish the prayer as usual • Otherwise wajib to repeat the prayer within its time • When praying behind imam: • Only perform sahw if imam does, regardless of any mistakes you made during prayer • Unless you joined prayer late and made mistake individually after imam completed his prayer

17. SajdahSahw • Examples of acts which require sahw: • Reciting Al-Fatihah twice • Forgetting additional surah in first 2 rak’at of fard prayer • Forgetting additional surah in any rak’at of non-fard prayer • Performing extra ruku or sajdah • Standing after first sajdah (missed sajdah must be made up) • Reciting past tashahhud in any non-final sitting • Forgetting to recite qunut in witr • Recitation of imam counter to soft/loud ruling

18. SajdahSahw • Examples of acts which do not require sahw • Reciting additional surah after Fatihah in 3rd or 4thrak’at of fard prayer • Repeating same surah in consecutive rak’at of fard/wajib prayer • Leaving the thana, ta’awwudh, tasbihat in ruku/sajdah • Reciting something else in place of Al-Fatihah in 3rd or 4thrak’at of fard prayer

19. Emphasized Sunnah Prayers

20. Sunnah Prayers • Emphasized sunnah – these prayers are close to the ruling of mandatory (wajib) in regard to sin, as leaving emphasized sunnahs persistently without excuse entails serious blame and misguidance • Emphasized sunnah prayers: • Fajr time: 2 rak’at before fard (*most emphasized, close to wajib) • Dhuhr time: 4 rak’at before fard, 2 rak’at after fard • Asr time: none • Maghrib time: 2 rak’at after fard • Isha time: 2 rak’at after fard • Jumu’ah: 4 rak’at before fard, 4 rak’at after fard, 2 rak’at after

21. Mustahabb Prayers Mustahabbprayers: • 4 rak’at before Asr • 4 rak’at before Isha • 4 rak’at after Isha • 6-20 rak’at after Maghrib (salat al-awabin) • 2 rak’at to greet the mosque (tahiyyat al-masjid) • 2 rak’at after performing wudu • 4-12 rak’at of late morning prayer (salat al-ishraq/ad-duha)

22. Mustahabb Prayers • Any voluntary (nafl) prayer • Prayer of making a decision (salat al-istikhara) • Prayer of need (salat al-haja) • Night prayer before the two ‘Id • Night prayer during last ten nights of Ramadan • Night prayer during first ten nights of Dhu’l-Hijjah • Night prayer of the 15th of Sha’ban

23. Questions?