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This study explores the trends of happiness in the Netherlands and Japan since the 1980s, focusing on generational differences and their perceptions of quality of life. It analyzes data from the World Values Survey (WVS) and European Values Study (EVS) from 1981 to 1999/2000, highlighting the impact of generational labels and societal changes. The study identifies distinct generational characteristics and their influence on happiness, including the rise of a new breed of ultramen in the Netherlands and Japan.
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Happiness in the Netherlands and Japan since the 1980s Trends from a generational perspective Henk VinkenTilburg UniversityTilburg, the Netherlands2005 : Visitor Komazawa UniversityTokyo, Japan
Rapidly changing societies Distinct generations Different perceptions / competences vis-a-vis quality of life, including happiness ?
Outline Key issue and labels of generations Data from WVS/EVS 1981 – 1999/2000 Relative impact analysis Happy new breed ultramen in NL and J
Key issue and labels of generations: Recognition common histories & destinies or the recognized persisting impact of formative experiences Less and more serious generation labels in NL and J often directed towards youngest whose members have deficiency; labels alternate at high speed: reflect reality?
Serious generation labels in NL and J self-realization / -expression, democratization hybridity in styles & values ? no future, no nonsense, hedonism security, sobriety, law & order 1940 1955 1970 prewar silent protest lost pragmatic nl j young seniors baby boomers ultraman new breed 2nd baby boom 1930 1950 1960 no generation, future worries work to life (not vv), combine styles & cultures frugality, improvement qol live for self, identify with style & values, seek new experiences hedonism, persist in lifestyles,resist old values
Data and analysis Longitudinal data WVS/EVS surveysaimed at values, includes qol-indicatorswaves 1981, 1990, 1999/2000; NL-J “Does respondent feel happy?”(here reversed from 1=not at all to 4 very) Simple trend analysis (ANOVA) APC-analysis (Logistic regression) APC=Age Period Cohortneeded to identify generation or cohort effects
4 Generations in WVS/EVS-data WAR BOOM BUST BOOM2 self-realization / -expression, democratization hybridity in styles & values ? no future, no nonsense, hedonism security, sobriety, law & order 1940 1955 1970 prewar silent protest lost pragmatic nl j young seniors baby boomers ultraman new breed 2nd baby boom 1930 1950 1960 no generation, future worries work to life (not vv), combine styles & cultures frugality, improvement qol live for self, identify with style & values, seek new experiences hedonism, persist in lifestyles,resist old values
This means ? nl end 80s high; j end 90s: convergence especially comparing end 90s to early 90s Most nl generations more happy 90s: J rise strongest -> undistinct NL-J WAR generation 90s: nl generations experience hold/back fall at turn millennium NL and J BOOM2 rise in happiness aging/life course i.s.o. generation effect ?
This means or to conclude ? When looking at happiness trends important to look at generations we have to take into account : country-level characteristics (distinct NL-J; I/C?) individual level diversity (gender) historic events at fixed times (period effect: bubble early 90s); and meso-level phenomenon, that is : generational belonging due to similar formative experiences Vanguard of happiness: lost new breed ultramen generation ! because of specific characteristic : hedonism ?