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ECE 640: Intro to Biomedical Engineering

ECE 640: Intro to Biomedical Engineering. -Guruprasad A. Giridharan. Human Circulatory System. The Heart Natural Control Nervous Humoral Local Failing Heart Why it happens? Effects. Why Model?. Learning tool Inexpensive research tool First step of device design

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ECE 640: Intro to Biomedical Engineering

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  1. ECE 640: Intro to Biomedical Engineering -Guruprasad A. Giridharan

  2. Human Circulatory System • The Heart • Natural Control • Nervous • Humoral • Local • Failing Heart • Why it happens? • Effects

  3. Why Model? • Learning tool • Inexpensive research tool • First step of device design • Predict effects and deepen understanding • Play GOD !! (idealizations, assumption, know true values)

  4. Modeling:Human Circulatory System Utah Circulation Model (UCM)

  5. Modeling Assumptions • Physical parameters are linear and lumpable • Blood flow is influenced only by pressure, resistance and compliance • Blood is a Newtonian fluid • Ideal valves • Resistance and compliance remains constant for any block (except heart)

  6. Modeling:Active and Passive blocks

  7. Modeling:Human Circulatory System

  8. Modeling:Valves P P 1 2

  9. Modeling:Failing LH, during rest

  10. Modeling:Failing LH, during exercise

  11. Ventricular Assist Device • What is a VAD • Axial & Centrifugal Flow VADs • How does it help? • VAD Control • Objectives • Adequate perfusion • Avoiding Suction • Low rpm oscillations • Sensor Issues • Previous strategies

  12. The DeBakey/NASA VAD

  13. Modeling:Ventricular Assist Device • VAD Model • Equations & Assumptions • RPM • Torque • Flow

  14. Modeling:Ventricular Assist Device

  15. Modeling:Model Integration

  16. Modeling: Axial Flow VADModel Integration

  17. Modeling:Model Integration

  18. Modeling:Model Integration

  19. Control • Control Objective • RPM constraint • Why P setpoint ? • Equations • PI VAD controller • Simulation Results

  20. Control:Constraints and Objective function

  21. Control:Control Schematic with 3 sensors

  22. VAD Control:Weak LH, Centrifugal VAD, at rest

  23. No VAD:Weak LH, during rest

  24. Performance of the PI VAD Controller

  25. Sensor Issues • Required 3 sensors (2 pressure, 1 rpm) • Pressure sensors unreliable • Data Noise • Estimate pressure using rpm and current • Extended Kalman filter for estimation

  26. 1 Sensor (rpm sensor only)Weak LH with VAD, during rest

  27. 1 Sensor (rpm sensor only)Weak LH with VAD, during rest

  28. Performance of the PI VAD Controller with P Estimator

  29. Artificial Vasculature Device (AVD) • Conceptual recovery directed device. • No damage to the left ventricle. • Ability to alter the impedence seen by the LV. • Increase coronary perfusion by counter-pulsation.

  30. Design and In-vivo setup

  31. Artificial Vasculature Device (AVD)

  32. Modeling of the AVD

  33. Reduce resistance and increase cardiac output

  34. Reducing Resistance

  35. Controller action

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