Chapter Four: The Roman Legacy

1. Chapter Four:The Roman Legacy Culture and Values, 7th Ed. Cunningham and Reich

3. The Importance of Rome • Cultural achievements • Assimilation of influences • Role of music • Historical division: • Monarchy/ Etruscan Age (753-510 B.C.E.) • Republican Rome (509-31 B.C.E.) • Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E. - C.E. 476)

4. The Etruscans and Their Art • Rome founded in mid-8th c. by Latins • Etruscans gained control by 616 B.C.E. • Urban centers, engineering • Social, leisure activities • Trade, expansion • Etruscan Art • Primitive but sophisticated, natural focus • Value emotion over intellectual appeal

5. The Bride & Bridegroom or Married Couple

6. [Image 4.2] Capitoline She-Wolf

7. [Image 4.3] Apollo of Veii

8. [Image 4.4] Wall painting from the Tomb of Hunting and Fishing

11. Republican Rome • Etruscan expulsion in 510 B.C.E. • New government • Consuls, Senate, Patricians/Plebeians • Political equality / Balance of Power • Hortensian Law • Increasing power / expansion • Social and political unrest  civil war

12. [Image 4.6] The Roman Forum

13. Literary Developments During the Republic • Ennius (239-169 B.C.E.) • Annals • Tragedies adapted from Greek models • Plautus (254-184 B.C.E.) and Terence (185-159 B.C.E.) • Roman adaptations of Greek comedies • Catullus (80-54 B.C.E.) • Roman lyric poetry • Influenced by Sappho

14. Quintus Ennius

15. Plautus

16. Catullus

17. Literary Developments During the Republic • Julius Caesar (100-44 B.C.E.) • Commentaries • Assassinated on March 15, 44 B.C.E. • Marcus Tullius Cicero • Lawyer, orator • Epistolary legacy

18. Ciceronian Rhetoric • Alliteration • Allusion • Analogy • Antithesis • Crescendo • Climax • Hyperbole • Juxtaposition • Metaphor • Onomatopoeia • Oxymoron • Personification • Simile

19. Roman Philosophy and LawEpicureanism • Founded by Epicurus (341-271 B.C.E.) • Extolled by Lucretius (99-55 B.C.E.) • Intellectual and rational vs. self-indulgent • On the Nature of Things • Gods play no part in human affairs • Pleasure and calm composure

20. Roman Philosophy and LawStoicism • World governed by Reason • Role of Divine Providence • Roman Stoics • Seneca • Epictetus • Marcus Aurelius

21. Roman Philosophy and Law • Julius Caesar’s Ius Civile • Law of the Twelve Tablets • Justinian’s Corpus Iuris Civilis • Roman science of law • Legal experts • Natural justice

22. Republican Art and Architecture • Roman portraiture • Realistic details • Express outer appearance and inner character • Propagandistic • Architecture as political medium • Public buildings for glory of leaders

23. [Image 4.7] Bust of Cicero

24. Imperial Rome (31 B.C.E. - C.E. 476) • Julius Caesar assassinated 44 B.C.E. • Battle of Actium (31 B.C.E.) • Octavian vs. Mark Antony • Octavian inaugurated as Augustus (27 B.C.E.) • Vast, multiethnic empire • Emperor, bureaucracy, civil service • Roman army

25. Publius Virgilius Maro (Virgil)

26. Augustan Literature: Vergil • Roman art promoted Augustan worldview • Official, public, served state purposes • Vergil’s Aeneid • Tribute to Rome and Augustus • National epic of Rome • Human destiny and personal responsibility • Eclogues (Bucolics) and Georgics