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Safe Slinging Practices

Safe Slinging Practices. Types of Slings. Wire Rope Slings Chain Slings Synthetic Web Slings. Ropes, chains, and slings. Primary hazard is structural failure due to: Overloading (“the weakest link”) Deterioration and/or wear Environmental exposure Improper rigging Abuse.

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Safe Slinging Practices

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  1. Safe Slinging Practices www.prothermindia.com

  2. Types of Slings Wire Rope Slings Chain Slings Synthetic Web Slings www.prothermindia.com

  3. Ropes, chains, and slings • Primary hazard is structural failure due to: • Overloading (“the weakest link”) • Deterioration and/or wear • Environmental exposure • Improper rigging • Abuse www.prothermindia.com

  4. Natural fibre ropes IS: 1084—1969 Manila Rope IS: 1321—1970 Sisal Rope MANILA — Black Yarn Grade-I SPECIAL QUALITY ALL THE THREE STRANDS Grade-II STANDARD QUALITY ALL THE TWO STRANDS Grand-III MERCHANT QUALITY ONE STRAND SISAL Red or Green YARN in one strand www.prothermindia.com

  5. SWL of Fibre ropes www.prothermindia.com

  6. Fibre ropes DANGER • Once a Fibre Rope is condemned it should be cut with a knife so as to ensure that it should not be used again. www.prothermindia.com

  7. Fibre ropes • Causes of Deterioration Internal wear by Repeated Flexing www.prothermindia.com

  8. Synthetic Fibre ropes • IS: 4572– 1968 Polyamide (Nylon Filament Rope) • IS: 5175– 1969 Poly Propylene Rope • IS: 8674– 1978 Polyethylene Rope • Advantages • Light in Weight • Higher Strength • Increased Resistance to Repeated Bending, Flexing and Abrasion • Resistance to water and • Choice of Selection www.prothermindia.com

  9. Wire Rope and Wire Rope Slings Components of Wire Rope www.prothermindia.com

  10. Left Lay Right Lay www.prothermindia.com

  11. www.prothermindia.com

  12. Crushing Because of loose winding on drum, rope was pulled in between underlying wraps and crushed out of shape. www.prothermindia.com

  13. Birdcaging The sudden release of a load cause birdcaging.Here individual strands open away from each other, displacing the core. www.prothermindia.com

  14. Locking of strands Premature breakage of wires resulted from "locking" of strands, which was caused by insufficient lubrication. www.prothermindia.com

  15. Abrasion Neglect of periodical inspection left this rope in service too long, resulting in considerable abrasion. www.prothermindia.com

  16. Kinking Kink or "dog leg“ was caused by improper handling and/or installation. A kink causes excessive localized or spot abrasion. www.prothermindia.com

  17. Reverse bending Running this rope over one sheave and under another caused fatigue breaks in wires. www.prothermindia.com

  18. Pitting Too much exposure combined with surface wear and loss of lubrication caused corrosion and pitting. . www.prothermindia.com

  19. Wear Too long in service. Repeated winding and overwinding of this rope on a drum while it was under heavy stress caused the unusually severe wear. www.prothermindia.com

  20. Wire Rope • Wire Rope Sling IdentificationRated Load (rated capacity) • Load test date • Manufacturer’s name • Periodic inspection due date • Broken wires (10 in one lay or 5 in one strand) • Severe corrosion • Localized wear • Reduction in outer wire • Damaged end fittings • Distortion, kinking, etc… www.prothermindia.com

  21. Wire rope – Permissible Stretch www.prothermindia.com

  22. Wire rope www.prothermindia.com

  23. Wire Rope Slings single-rope legs www.prothermindia.com

  24. Wire Rope Slings sling with single-rope legs, Torpedo loop-locks and choker hook www.prothermindia.com

  25. TWO LEGGED BRIDLE SLINGS www.prothermindia.com

  26. THREE LEGGED BRIDLE SLINGS www.prothermindia.com

  27. FOUR LEGGED BRIDLE SLINGS www.prothermindia.com

  28. Chain and Chain Sling Parts of Chain Sling www.prothermindia.com

  29. Chain and Chain Sling Single Chain Sling www.prothermindia.com

  30. Chain and Chain Sling Double Chain Sling www.prothermindia.com

  31. Chain and Chain Sling Triple & Quadruple Chain Sling www.prothermindia.com

  32. Chain and Chain Sling Adjustable Chain Sling www.prothermindia.com

  33. Chain Sling Identification • Chain Size • Manufacturers Grade • Rated load and angle • Reach • Number of legs • Manufacturers name and trademark • Next inspection www.prothermindia.com

  34. What should you avoid while using chain slings? • impact loading: do not jerk the load when lifting or lowering the sling. This increases the actual stress on the sling. • Do not drag chains. • Do not splice a chain by inserting a bolt between two links. • Do not shorten a chain with knots or by twisting. • Do not force a hook over a link. • Do not use homemade connections. Use only attachments designed for the chain. • Do not heat treat or weld chain links: the lifting capacity will be reduced drastically. www.prothermindia.com

  35. Various defects in chain slings Wear Cut Stretched Links Twist or Bend www.prothermindia.com

  36. Periodical inspection • Clean sling before inspection. • Hang the chain up or stretch the chain out on a level floor in a well-lighted area. Remove all twists. Measure the sling length. Discard if a sling has been stretched. • Make a link-by-link inspection and discard if • Wear exceeds 15% of a link diameter. • Cut,, cracked,, burned, or corrosion pitted • Twisted or bent • Stretched-- Links tend to get longer www.prothermindia.com

  37. Chain Sling Inspection Items • Cracks, stretches, or deformed master links, coupling links, chains or other components.  • One leg of a double or triple chain sling is longer than the others.   • Hooks have been opened more than 15% of the normal throat opening measured at the narrowest point or twisted more than 10 degrees from the plane of the unbent hook.   • Chain size at any point of any link is less than stated in the chart on the next slide, the sling shall be removed. www.prothermindia.com

  38. Chain Slings Only chain slings purchased from the manufacturer are allowed.No homemade slings allowed!! www.prothermindia.com

  39. Special Precautions • It is important to realize that the capacity of a sling decreasesas the angle at which it is used to lift increases. www.prothermindia.com

  40. Rigging Devices • Shackles • Hooks • Wire Rope Clips • Wedge Sockets • Eyebolts • Spreader Beams • Slings www.prothermindia.com

  41. Shackles Recommended Not Recommended Recommended www.prothermindia.com

  42. Proper Use of Shackles Never replace a shackle pin with a bolt The load will bend the bolt www.prothermindia.com

  43. Avoid eccentric loads Bad Good www.prothermindia.com

  44. Proper chocking of shackles. Bad Good www.prothermindia.com

  45. Shackle Inspection www.prothermindia.com

  46. Hooks • Manufacturers’ identification. • Never weld on hooks. • Working safety latch. www.prothermindia.com

  47. www.prothermindia.com

  48. Wire Rope Clips • The most common use of wire rope clips on cranes is at wedge and socket-end fittings. • The clip does not provide strength to the wedge and socket connection. • It is there to prevent the wedge from accidentally being released. www.prothermindia.com

  49. Installing Wire Rope Clips Installed properly as to number, direction, spacing and torque. www.prothermindia.com

  50. Wedge Sockets • Most common method of terminating ropes on cranes. • All parts must match in size. • Measure rope diameter to ensure proper size. www.prothermindia.com

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