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1. African Topographical Map:Locate the East African Rift ValleyWhat region of Africa do you think Rwanda belongs?
2. Bantu MigrationsThe Khoisan, the Twa (pygmy, Hutus, the Tutsis
3. European HegemonyWhat other world empires were imperialistic in 1900?
4. Historical African Kingdoms before the EuropeansZanzibar, Mali, & Zimbabwe
5. The European “Scramble for Africa”The British Colonial Empire dominated world commerce, David Livingston’s philosophy The “White Man’s Burden” = The Anglo–Saxon mission to “civilize” the world.
6. Bismarck & The Berlin Conference – 1884Prussia was instrumental in uniting the German states under many chauvinistic concepts, one referred to as Lebensraum – a term which translates as the space required for life, growth or activity. European expansion for natural resources & subjects. European Colonial Borders: Indigenous African Borders
7. European Imperialists carved up the African Continent:The Colonial governments had no regard for the indigenous borders
The German Kaiser, who was related to Britain’s Queen Victoria, became angry when he learned that Britain had acquired Africa’s two largest peaks.
These volcanic mountains have alpine glaciers located at their summits
They exceed 17,000 feet and straddle equator in tropical East Africa
Victoria had the borders redrawn between the two peaks
Mount Kilimanjaro is located in German East Africa, which is now Tanzania
Mount Kenya is located in British East Africa which is now Kenya
8. The European “Scramble for Africa”The British Colonial Empire dominated world commerce, David Livingston’s philosophy The “White Man’s Burden” = The Anglo–Saxon mission to “civilize” the world.
9. European Colonialists Empowered Specific Groups for their own Maintenance of Control
10. African Languages & Religions
11. East Africa: Beautiful Lush LandscapeGreat Rift Valley, Great Lakes, & Source of Nile
12. African Population Map: Rwanda is rural with high population density
13. Rwandan Migrations Rwanda & Burundi
German East Africa (1880)
The Belgian Congo (1915)
The Great Lakes Region
East Central Africa
Lingua Franca (French)
Roman Catholic Majority
Hutus 85% of Population
Farmers Chad 1000 CE
Tutsis 15 % of Population
Pastoralists from Sudan
Tutsi empowerment
Racial ID Cards
Educated & Govt. Jobs
14. Rwanda How many people were massacred in Rwanda?
Who was massacred?
Name the murderers?
What colonial power influenced the conflict?
Explain their national differences & hatred?
15. UN Peace Conference
Hotel Milles de Collinnes
Thousand Hills (French)
Sabena owned hotel
Kigali, Rwanda
Plane shot down in Kigali
April 6, 1994
Presidents of Rwanda and Burundi assassinated?
Both Hutus
800,000 dead in 3 days!
Tutsis & Moderate Hutus chopped to death by Hutu
Hutu Militias NOT Hutu Army
Chinese Machetes sold for $0.10 per unit to war lord merchant
Militia men purchased for $0.50
Bullets more expensive
16. Rwandan Genocide: Retribution & the Hutu Refugee Camp in the Congo
17. Globalization amid Diversity