1 / 60

Body Systems

Body Systems . Human Anatomy & Physiology. Skeletal. Functions of Skeletal System. Support: The skeleton is the framework of the body, it supports the softer tissues and provides points of attachment for most skeletal muscle. What would a person look like with no skeleton?. Protection.

rubaina-manaf
Download Presentation

Body Systems

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Body Systems Human Anatomy & Physiology

  2. Skeletal

  3. Functions of Skeletal System • Support: The skeleton is the framework of the body, it supports the softer tissues and provides points of attachment for most skeletal muscle. • What would a person look like with no skeleton?

  4. Protection • The skeleton provides mechanical protection for many of the body’s internal organs, reducing risk of injury to them. • Can you provide an example of an organ that is protected by a bone(s)?

  5. Functions of Skeletal System • Assisting in Movement: • Skeletal muscles are attached to bones, therefore when the associated muscles contract they cause bones to move. • What muscle bends your arm?

  6. Functions of Skeletal System • Storage of Minerals: • Bone tissues store several minerals, including calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). • Where do you get most of your calcium from?

  7. Functions of Skeletal System • Production of Blood Cells: • The red bone marrow inside some larger bones (e.g. femur), blood cells are produced.

  8. Functions of Skeletal System • With increasing age, some bone marrow changes from ‘red bone marrow’ to ‘yellow bone marrow.’ • Yellow bone marrow consists mainly of adipose cells, and a few blood cells. • It is an important chemical energy reserve.

  9. Skeletal System Quiz Review • Functions of Skeletal System • Support • Protection • Assisting in Movement • Storage of Minerals • Production of Blood Cells

  10. Muscular

  11. Muscle Types • Cardiac • Cardiac muscles are involuntary and found only in the heart. • Smooth • Your smooth muscles, like your cardiovascular muscles, are involuntary. They make up your internal organs, such as your stomach, throat, small intestine, and all the others, except your heart. • Skeletal • The skeletal muscles are the only voluntary muscles of your body, and make up what we call the muscular system. They are all the muscles that move your bones and show external movement.

  12. Cardiac MuscleFunctions • Heart muscle: also called cardiac muscle makes up the wall of the heart. • Throughout our life, it contracts some 70 times per minute pumping about 5 liters of blood each minute.

  13. Smooth Muscle Functions • Smooth muscle is found in the walls of all the hollow organs of the body (except the heart). Its contraction reduces the size of these structures. • It◦regulates the flow of blood in the arteries◦moves your breakfast along through your gastrointestinal tract expels urine from your urinary bladder, sends babies out into the world from the uterus◦regulates the flow of air through the lungsThe contraction of smooth muscle is generally not under voluntary control.

  14. Skeletal Muscle Functions • Skeletal muscle, as its name implies, is the muscle attached to the skeleton. • It is also called striated muscle. • The contraction of skeletal muscle is under voluntary control. • Skeletal muscles are the mechanism for powering human movement.

  15. Relationship of Tendons & Ligaments

  16. Circulatory

  17. Flow of Blood

  18. Blood Flow • Right Atrium • Atrioventricular Valve • Right Ventricle • Tricuspid Valve • Pulmonary Artery • Lungs 7. Pulmonary Veins 8. Left Atrium 9. Mitral Valve 10. Left Ventricle 11. Aortic Valve 12. Aorta 13. All parts of the body

  19. Circulatory System • The Circulatory System is responsible for transporting materials throughout the entire body. • It transports nutrients, water, and oxygen to your billions of body cells and carries away wastes such as carbon dioxide that body cells produce. • It is an amazing highway that travels through your entire body connecting all your body cells.

  20. Parts of Circulatory System • The circulatory System is divided into three major parts: • Heart • Blood • Blood Vessels

  21. Heart • The Heart is an amazing organ. • The heart beats about 3 BILLION times during an average lifetime. • It is a muscle about the size of two fists. • It's job is to pump your blood and keep the blood moving throughout your body.

  22. Your Role • It is your job to keep your heart healthy and there are three main things you need to remember in order to keep your heart healthy. • 1.Exercise on a regular basis. Get outside and play. Keep that body moving (walk, jog, run, bike, skate, jump, swim). • 2.Eat Healthy. Remember the Food Pyramid and make sure your eating your food from the bottom to top. • 3.Don't Smoke! Don't Smoke! Don't Smoke! Don't Smoke! Don't Smoke!

  23. Blood • The blood is an amazing substance that is constantly flowing through our bodies. • Your blood is pumped by your heart. • Your blood travels through thousands of miles of blood vessels right within your own body.

  24. Blood • Your blood carries nutrients, water, oxygen and waste products to and from your body cells. • A young person has about a gallon of blood. An adult has about 5 quarts. • Your blood is not just a red liquid but rather is made up of liquids, solids and small amounts of oxygen and carbon dioxide.

  25. Red Blood Cells • Red Blood Cells are responsible for carrying oxygen and carbon dioxide. • Red Blood Cells pick up oxygen in the lungs and transport it to all the body cells. • After delivering the oxygen to the cells it gathers up the carbon dioxide(a waste gas produced as our cells are working) and transports carbon dioxide back to the lungs where it is removed from the body when we exhale(breath out).

  26. White Blood Cells • White Blood Cells help the body fight off germs. • White Blood Cells attack and destroy germs when they enter the body. • When you have an infection your body will produce more White Blood Cells to help fight an infection.

  27. Platelets • Platelets are blood cells that help stop bleeding. • In order to plug up the holes where the blood is leaking from the platelets start to stick to the opening of the damaged blood vessels. • As the platelets stick to the opening of the damaged vessel they attract more platelets, fibers and other blood cells to help form a plug to seal the broken blood vessel. • We call our Platelet plugs scabs

  28. Plasma • Plasma is the liquid part of the blood. • Approximately half of your blood is made of plasma. • The plasma carries the blood cells and other components throughout the body. • Plasma is made in the liver.

  29. Blood Vessels • Three types of blood vessels • Arteries • Capillaries • Veins

  30. Blood Vessels • Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygen rich blood AWAY from the heart. Remember, A A Arteries Away, A A Arteries Away, A A Arteries Away. • Capillaries are tiny blood vessels as thin or thinner than the hairs on your head. Capillaries connect arteries to veins. Food substances(nutrients), oxygen and wastes pass in and out of your blood through the capillary walls. • Veins carry blood back toward your heart.

  31. Amazing Facts • One drop of blood contains a half a drop of plasma, 5 MILLION Red Blood Cells, 10 Thousand White Blood Cells and 250 Thousand Platelets. • You have thousands of miles of blood vessels in your body. • Keep your heart healthy...it's going to have to beat about 3 BILLION times during your lifetime!

  32. Nervous

  33. Nervous System • The most complex system • Serves as the bodies control center and communications electrical-chemical wiring network • Detection, interpretation, and respondent to changes in internal and external conditions.

  34. Nervous System • The nervous system integrates countless bits of info and generates appropriate reactions by sending messages through nerve to muscles and/or glands.

  35. Central Nervous System (CNS) • The Brain and Spinal Cord and Neurons are the CNS.

  36. Brain

  37. Brain • The brain has billions of neurons that receive, analyze, and store information about internal and external conditions. • The brain is the source of conscious and unconscious thoughts, moods, and emotions

  38. Four Major Brain Divisions Cerebrum – large rounded area that divides into left and right hemispheres. Diencephalon – forms the central part of the brain. Cerebellum – rear of the brain. Brain Stem – connects the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord.

  39. Cerebrum • Controls muscles and glands on the opposite side of the body • 85% of the total brain weight • Responsible for language, conscious thought, hearing, sense of touch, memory, personality development, and vision.

  40. Diencephalon • Three parts: • Hypothalamus • Major Switchboard • Thalamus • Epithalamus

  41. Hypothalamus • Main neural control center • Regulates organ-related activities, food and fluid intake, sleep and wake patterns, sex drive, and emotional states.

  42. Thalamus • Relay and preprocessing stations for the many nerve impulses that pass through it.

  43. Epithalamus • The most posterior portion of the Diencephalon. • Function not fully understood. • Thought to control body rhythms.

  44. Cerebellum • Rear of the brain • Similar to the Cerebrum, each hemisphere controls opposite sides of the body. • Controls Swallowing, Breathing, Digestion, and Heartbeat

  45. Neurons • The neuron transmits electric signals like an electric wire. • Neurons must be linked to each other in order to transmit signals. • The connection between two neurons is a synapse

  46. Your Final • Your Final Exam will be the following: • You must develop a 20 question multiple-choice quiz. • The quiz must include questions about the body-systems, fitness testing, indoor games that we have played, stress-management, and pool-related safety. • You can not discuss your questions with others around you. • There is absolutely no talking • Good Luck!

  47. EXAMPLE • ONE WAY TO COPE WITH STRESS IS TO . • A. AVOID THE STRESSOR • B. EAT HIGH FAT FOODS • C. EXERCISE ON A REGULAR BASIS. • D. SELF-MEDICATE

  48. Immune System

  49. Parts of Immune System

  50. Digestive

More Related