Introduction to Media Studies SoSe 2011 Mag. Klaus Heissenberger

1. Introduction to Media StudiesSoSe 2011Mag. Klaus Heissenberger North American Literary and Cultural Studies Universitätdes Saarlandes

2. Femininities and masculinities? • Historical variability and changes in • the cultural meanings or interpretations of femininity and masculinity • the cultural representations of masculinity and femininity • Sexuality, ethnicity, class, etc.!

3. Femininities and masculinities? • Representation constructed through differences: • - not just masculine vs. feminine: • straight vs. gay • white vs. non-white • class differences • age • etc.

4. Femininities and masculinities? • ‘dominant’ or ‘hegemonic’ femininity & masculinity • the norm(al) (default, standard, etc.) = the ‘invisible’ • ... vs. ‘marginal,’ ‘deviant,’ ‘subordinate,’ ‘non-dominant,’ ‘non-hegemonic’ femininities and masculinities • Different explanations: e.g. discourse (Michel Foucault) > construction of gendered subject positions by discourses

5. I Love Lucy (1951)

6. Father Knows Best (1954)

7. Bewitched (1964)

8. Mary Tyler Moore (1970)

9. The ‘sex-gender division’ • > cultural representations: • cultural images & texts political concept

10. Ellen (1994)

11. Queer as Folk (2000)

12. The L-Word (2004)

13. The L-Word (2004)

14. The L-Word (2004)

15. Mad Men (2007)

16. Mad Men (2007)

17. Mad Men (2007)

18. Mad Men (2007)

19. The circuit of culture • Paul Du Gay, Stuart Hall, Linda Janes, Hugh Mackay, und Keith Negus. Doing Cultural Studies. The Story of the Sony Walkman. London: Sahe/The Open University, 1997.

20. Cultural Studies: Culture, representation, identity and power culture representation identity power

21. Pretty Woman • (Gary Marshall, 1990) • Observation task: • What is shown in which order? In which ways? • HOW are the introductory scenes filmed? • ... Esp.camera position

22. Looking and visual culture • vision vs. visuality • representation • conventionality • identity and difference • ----------------------------------------- • see: Walker/Chaplin • Sturken/Cartwright

23. Looking and visual culture • vision vs. visuality • representation • conventionality • identity and difference • ------------------------------ • > power! • ----------------------------------------- • see: Walker/Chaplin • Sturken/Cartwright Visual culture & visual cultural studies: power = hierarchically constructed ways of seeing/looking

24. Looking and visual culture • John Berger, Ways of Seeing (1972) • BBC documentary and book

25. Looking and differences • Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1512) landing in America, • engraved by Theodor Galle (1571-1633) • after Stradanus (Jan van der Straet) (1523–1605)

29. Rear Window • (1954, Alfred Hitchcock)

30. Looking and visual culture • gender: • Laura Mulvey, “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema” (1975) • Concept of the‘male gaze’: • pleasure in mainstream cinema (e.g. Hollywood) is produced via a male/masculine viewing position: • male gaze = controlling, voyeuristic and narcissistic look which identifies with the camera position • feminist project: “destruction of pleasure” • ----------------------------- • reader: Sturken/Cartwright

31. Peeping Tom • (Mitchell Powell, 1960)