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Exploring Femininities and Masculinities in Media Culture

Discover the historical variability and cultural representations of femininities and masculinities, including dominant vs. marginal constructs and the impact of sexuality, ethnicity, and class.

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Exploring Femininities and Masculinities in Media Culture

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  1. Introduction to Media StudiesSoSe 2011Mag. Klaus Heissenberger North American Literary and Cultural Studies Universitätdes Saarlandes

  2. Femininities and masculinities? • Historical variability and changes in • the cultural meanings or interpretations of femininity and masculinity • the cultural representations of masculinity and femininity • Sexuality, ethnicity, class, etc.!

  3. Femininities and masculinities? • Representation constructed through differences: • - not just masculine vs. feminine: • straight vs. gay • white vs. non-white • class differences • age • etc.

  4. Femininities and masculinities? • ‘dominant’ or ‘hegemonic’ femininity & masculinity • the norm(al) (default, standard, etc.) = the ‘invisible’ • ... vs. ‘marginal,’ ‘deviant,’ ‘subordinate,’ ‘non-dominant,’ ‘non-hegemonic’ femininities and masculinities • Different explanations: e.g. discourse (Michel Foucault) > construction of gendered subject positions by discourses

  5. I Love Lucy (1951)

  6. Father Knows Best (1954)

  7. Bewitched (1964)

  8. Mary Tyler Moore (1970)

  9. The ‘sex-gender division’ • > cultural representations: • cultural images & texts political concept

  10. Ellen (1994)

  11. Queer as Folk (2000)

  12. The L-Word (2004)

  13. The L-Word (2004)

  14. The L-Word (2004)

  15. Mad Men (2007)

  16. Mad Men (2007)

  17. Mad Men (2007)

  18. Mad Men (2007)

  19. The circuit of culture • Paul Du Gay, Stuart Hall, Linda Janes, Hugh Mackay, und Keith Negus. Doing Cultural Studies. The Story of the Sony Walkman. London: Sahe/The Open University, 1997.

  20. Cultural Studies: Culture, representation, identity and power culture representation identity power

  21. Pretty Woman • (Gary Marshall, 1990) • Observation task: • What is shown in which order? In which ways? • HOW are the introductory scenes filmed? • ... Esp.camera position

  22. Looking and visual culture • vision vs. visuality • representation • conventionality • identity and difference • ----------------------------------------- • see: Walker/Chaplin • Sturken/Cartwright

  23. Looking and visual culture • vision vs. visuality • representation • conventionality • identity and difference • ------------------------------ • > power! • ----------------------------------------- • see: Walker/Chaplin • Sturken/Cartwright Visual culture & visual cultural studies: power = hierarchically constructed ways of seeing/looking

  24. Looking and visual culture • John Berger, Ways of Seeing (1972) • BBC documentary and book

  25. Looking and differences • Amerigo Vespucci (1454-1512) landing in America, • engraved by Theodor Galle (1571-1633) • after Stradanus (Jan van der Straet) (1523–1605)

  26. Rear Window • (1954, Alfred Hitchcock)

  27. Looking and visual culture • gender: • Laura Mulvey, “Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema” (1975) • Concept of the‘male gaze’: • pleasure in mainstream cinema (e.g. Hollywood) is produced via a male/masculine viewing position: • male gaze = controlling, voyeuristic and narcissistic look which identifies with the camera position • feminist project: “destruction of pleasure” • ----------------------------- • reader: Sturken/Cartwright

  28. Peeping Tom • (Mitchell Powell, 1960)

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