The War Ends

1. The War Ends Chapter 9 Section 5

2. Why did General Grant decide to Capture Petersburg?

3. Sherman’s “March to the Sea” through Georgia, 1864

4. Sherman’s immediate goal was to capture Atlanta (transportation center of south) • He met resistance in Dalton, Resaca, and New Hope. • Because of the resistance it took Sherman 4 months to reach Atlanta. • Sherman was pushed back at Kennesaw, but eventually advanced on.

5. After remaining in Atlanta for 2 months, he began his march to the sea, cutting a path sixty miles wide and 300 miles long, destroying everything in the path. • On Dec. 24, 1864, Sherman gave Lincoln a gift of the city of Savannah. • Now the lower south was cut off from the rest of the confederacy.

6. Why did General Sherman march his army through Georgia?

7. On April 9, 1865, General Lee surrendered to General Grant of the Union at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia.

8. General Ulysses S. Grant of the Union

9. General Robert E. Lee of the Confederacy

10. Terms of Surrender • All officers and enlisted men in the Confederate army would be paroled. • All military equipment and weapons had to be relinquished to the Union.

11. Why did President Lincoln doubt he could win the 1864 Election?

12. The President has been Shot! • As President and Mrs. Lincoln were enjoying an evening of comedy at Fords Theater on April 14, 1865, actor John Wilkes Booth snuck into their balcony and shot the President

13. Death of a President The President never regained consciousness, and died early in the morning on April 15, 1865 His funeral procession began in Washington, D.C. and carried his body 1700 miles before arriving in Oak Ridge Cemetery in Springfield, IL, where he was finally laid to rest on May 4, 1865

14. The Assassination

15. The Assassin John Wilkes Booth Born May, 10 1838 in Bel Air, Maryland--a Southern city Began interest in theatrics in 1855 at the Charles Street Theater in Baltimore Booth became a common actor at the theater In September 1858 Booth moved to Richmond, Virginia to act at the Marshall Theater At Richmond, Booth became accustomed and sympathized to the southern politics Booth never joined the Confederate army but did smuggle medical supplies from the North during the Civil War John Wilkes Booth

16. The Victim Abraham Lincoln • Born on February 12, 1809 in Hardin County, Kentucky • In 1842, he married Mary Todd a women from Lexington, Kentucky • In 1847, Lincoln was elected to the House of Representatives • In 1856, he went to the ran against Stephen A. Douglas in a losing effort to get to the U.S Senate as a Republican • In 1860, he ran for President against Stephen Douglas and won the election

17. The Beginning • The Plot: Summer 1864 • Booth developed plans to give the Confederates an advantage in the war • Planned to kidnap Lincoln with a group of friends • Wanted to hold Lincoln for ransom to free Confederate POWs • Co-conspirators included Samuel Arnold, Michael O’Laughlen, John Surratt, Lewis Powell, George Atzerodt and David Harold with the help of Dr. Samuel Mudd • Booth would use John Surratt’s wife Mary Surratt’s boarding house to hold his meetings about his plans

18. April 14, 1865 • Booth went into the Ford Theater on the morning of April 14, 1865 and learned that Lincoln would attend the play “Our American Cousin” • Booth planned that night to kill Lincoln • Booth also gave instructions to his conspirators • Atzerodt was to kill vice-president Andrew Johnson • Powell was to kill Secretary of State William Seward along with Harold

19. The Conspirators • Atzerodt never made an attempt at killing Johnson • Powell stabbed Seward, but did not kill him • The conspirators met in Maryland and went to Dr. Mudd’s house to hide • From there they traveled south and stopped at Garrett’s farm in Port Royal Virginia, were federal authorities caught them • On the morning of April 16, 1865 Booth and Harold were trapped by federal troops • Harold gave up, but Booth refused to come out • Federal troops set the barn on fire, forcing Booth out • Booth, however, remained in the barn until he was shot to death

20. The End of Lincoln • At 8:30 Lincoln and his wife arrived at Ford’s Theater to watch the play • Booth arrived an hour later with a derringer and a hunting knife, after having a drink at a saloon next door • Booth entered Ford’s Theater at 10:07, ascending the backstage stairs to Lincoln’s booth • Lincoln’s bodyguard was momentarily absent • Booth moved into the room • At 10:15. Booth pointed the gun at Lincoln’s head and fired • Henry Rathbone, a friend of Lincoln’s, tried to take Booth down, but got stabbed in the arm • Booth jumped 11 feet to the stage, snapping his fibula and yelling “Sic Semper Tyrannis” or “As Always to Tyrannts” • Booth, then, escaped out the back door and fled the city

21. Lincoln Dead • Lincoln pronounced dead on April 15, 1865 at 7:22 a.m. from a GSW to the head • V.P. Andrew Johnson immediately replaced as president • The South, under Reconstruction, allowed to re-enter the Union

22. Now He Belongs to the Ages!

23. Ford’s Theater (April 14, 1865)

24. WANTED~~!!

25. The Execution

26. Cost of the War • The war cost the U.S. government about $2 million per day or about $6 billion total. • The south spent about $4 billion on the war effort. • Around 620,000 soldiers died in the Civil War

27. Use the graphic organizer below to list the purposes of the Union march on Atlanta and the effects of the city’s capture on both sides.