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The Terminalization of Supply Chains: North American and European Perspectives

Explore the terminalization of supply chains in North America and Europe, focusing on gateway and corridor effects, rail transportation, logistics clusters, inland terminals, and more. Understand the differences and similarities in modes, ownership, and functions. Gain insights into the impact of externalities like congestion and environmental factors on terminalization strategies in each region.

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The Terminalization of Supply Chains: North American and European Perspectives

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  1. The Terminalization of Supply Chains:North American and European Perspectives Theo NOTTEBOOM Institute of Transport and Maritime Management Antwerp (ITMMA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium Jean-Paul RODRIGUE Department of Economics & Geography Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York 11549, USA

  2. The Terminalization of Supply Chains • North America: The Corridor Effect • Europe: The Gateway Effect • Comparative Logistics: Terminalization and the Move Inland

  3. A. North America • Gateways and Corridors • The Rail Transportation Question

  4. Imports and Exports at Selected US Gateways, 2005

  5. Main North American Trade Corridors and Metropolitan Freight Centers

  6. Alameda Corridor CBD UP & BNSF Railyards UP & BNSF Railyards Thruport Mid-CorridorTrench (10 miles) Port of Los Angeles Port of Long Beach Port of Long Beach Port of Los Angeles Port Cluster

  7. The Extended Gateway of the Ports of Los Angeles / Long Beach Intra-terminal Non-local destination On-dock rail yards 16% Alameda Corridor Near-dock rail yards Non-local destination 13% Marine Terminal Rail Non-local destination Off-dock rail yards 13% Non-local destination Off-dock rail yards Transload facility 22% Warehouse Transload facility Local destination 34% Warehouse Non-local destination 2% Truck

  8. North American Rail System

  9. Major Rail Corridors Improved since 2000

  10. Average Speed of Class I Railroads, 1945-2004

  11. Average Freight Train Length, United States

  12. Container Dwell Times at BNSF Rail Terminals

  13. BNSF’s Three Tier Terminal System, 2007

  14. Automated Transfer Management System for Truck-Rail Transfers

  15. B. Europe

  16. Average Dwell Times at Major European Container Terminals (in days)

  17. Case studies Europe – Rhine-Scheldt Delta Container transferium Extended gate (satellite) Initiated by POR TCT Venlo Extended gate (rail-based) for ECT/HPH

  18. Container transferium

  19. TCT Venlo – extended gate of ECT/HPH

  20. Examples of cases • JVC Belgium + TCT Belgium: extended DC for JVC, extended gate for ECT • Four day rule • Free time Rotterdam = 5 days • Free time TCT Belgium = 21 days • Full containers at TCT = part of stock to JVC Belgium

  21. Source: Flanders Institute for Logistics

  22. Logistics clusters in the province of Limburg (region of Flanders, Belgium) Source: BCI, 2007

  23. Node typology in the province of Limburg (region of Flanders, Belgium) Source: BCI, 2007

  24. C. Comparative Logistics: Inland Terminals and the Move Inland • What are the main differences and similarities? • Differences: • Modes (Truck/Rail vs. Truck/Barge). • Ownership (Private vs. Public/Private). • Similarities: • Function (import based). • Is there a distinct North American (or European) terminalization? • Due to externalities (congestion, environment) Europe shows a more advanced terminalization. • Dwell time pressures indicate a more constraining terminalization in North America.

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