Germany

1. Tysean Clark Germany

2. Militarization of the Rhineland - March 1936 • Demilitarized by effects of the Treaty of Versailles. • Germany only had political control of the Rhineland. • Hitler ordered his troops to re-enter the Rhineland which violated the terms of the Treaty of Versailles. • More than 32,000 Nazi soldiers and policemen crossed into the Rhineland. • Nazi Germany broke a rule in Versailles and Britain didn’t enforce any of the terms from Versailles in Germany.

3. Czechoslovakia - 1938 • Northern and western border of Czechoslovakia was annexed by Nazi Germany • First non – German country annexed by Germany • Hitler did this under the Munich agreement which allowed Nazi Germany to annex the borders of Czechoslovakia. • Germany demanded the German population to the Third Reich • This was the start of Hitler's idea to make Germany one empire so that no German would feel like an outsider ‘’ I have no further interest in the Czecho-slovakian state, that is guaranteed. We want no Czechs’’ - Adolf Hitler

4. Invasion of Austria – September 1938 • The Heim ins Reich aimed to convince all the ethnically German people who lived outside the Third Reich to come and live in Germany as one. • The Austrian Nazi Party planned a successful overthrow of the Austrian government and Austrian power was transferred over to Germany • Austria was annexed into Nazi Germany’s Third Reich • The Anschluss Movement, was the annexation of Austria by Nazi Germany • European powers did nothing about this

5. Invasion of Poland – September 1939 • Germany, Soviet Union, and a small Slovak contingent all invaded Poland. • Invasion happened on September 1st, 1939. • Germany invaded Poland after the Gleiwitz incident • The Gleiwitz incident was a staged attack by Nazi forces who posed as poles on August 31st, 1939 against German radio station, Sender Gleiwitz. • France did not launch a full scale attack to aid Poland from Germany’s invasion resulting in the defeat of Poland and Germany taking over. • After the invasion 3 million Polish Jews were killed and around 3 million Non – Polish Jews were killed.

6. Battle of France – May 1940 • Invasion on France that began May 10th, 1940 • German forces were successful in defeating French forces. • Germans used two different operations to push through Ardennes to stop and surround Frances allies that had entered Belgium. • The operations were called Fall Gelb and Fall Rot. • France and Germany signed an armistice, which gave Germany control of the North and West of France. • Germany was also allowed to keep about 2 million French soldiers. This made Frances allies look weak because they didn’t help France. This made Hitler feel like he had lots and lots of power. ‘’You only have to kick in the door and the whole rotten structure will com crashing down’’ - Adolf Hitler

7. Battle of Britain – July 1940 • Air campaign between the German air force and United Kingdom • Germany wanted to take air superiority over the Royal Air Forces • This was the first major air campaign, the battle lasted form July 1940 – September 1940 • Germany failed to take air superiority due to Britain's large number of air support. • The failure from Germany was a major turning point during World War 2. ‘’ The work of a thousand years is nothing but rubble’’ - Dr. Goerdeler 1943

8. Invasion of Russia – June 1941 • On June 22nd 3 million German soldiers invaded Russia with 3,000 tanks, 2,500 aircrafts, 7,000 artillery, and 19 panzer divisions • Germany and Russia signed a pact in 1939 which gave each country a specific reign of influence with interfering with one another. • Hitler used the German Blitzkrieg technique to attack Russia. • The Nazi’s wanted to annihilate the Soviet Union of Russia. • 150,000 Soviet soldiers were killed one week into the German Invasion. • In October, 1941 3 million soviet soldiers were captured and prisoners of war • Stalin designed a plan to get away to safety but decided to stay which became a major turning point in World War 2 because now many more lives were endanger.

9. German Summary • The actions of the Germans provoked the world to go to war because Germany felt she was more powerful than other countries. Germany was able to show her dominance with the invasions of Russia, Austria, Poland and by defeating France. The motives of Germany were to put other in fear and spread the German Empire. They violated the Treaty of Versailles and other treaties, pacts, and armistice’s they signed with other countries. The European powers did nothing to stop Germany. This resulted in deaths of millions of Jews and non – Germans. Also millions of soldiers were captured due to Germany's conquers. Germany was defeated by Britain in the Battle of Britain for air superiority in an all air combat war. The Loss to Britain was a major turning point.

10. Works Cited • Trueman, Chris. Rhineland 1936. Ed. Chris Trueman. historylearningsite , n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2013. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/Rhineland_1936.htm>. • Czechoslovakia . Wikipedia , 2 May 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia>. • German occupation of Czechoslovakia . Wikipedia , 2 May 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German_occupation_of_Czechoslovakia>. • Munich Agreement . Wikipedia , 27 Apr. 2013. Web. 29 Apr. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Agreement>. • Trueman, Chris. the Czech Crisis of 1938. Ed. Chris Trueman. historylearningsite , n.d. Web. 6 Apr. 2013. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/czechoslovakia_1938.htm>. • World War 2 Famous Qoutes - Worldwar-2.net. worldwar-2.net, 2006. Web. 6 Apr. 2013. <http://www.worldwar-2.net/famous-quotes/famous-quotes-index.htm>. • Czechoslovakia . ushmm, 11 May 2012. Web. 11 Apr. 2013. <http://www.ushmm.org/wlc/en/article.php?ModuleId=10005688>.

11. Works Cited • Anschluss. Wikipedia , 4 May 2013. Web. 30 Apr. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anschluss>. • Heim ins Reich . Wikipedia , 5 May 2013. Web. 5 Apr. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heim_ins_Reich>. • Trueman, Chris. Austria and 1938. Ed. Chris Trueman. historylearningsite , n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2013. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/austria_and_1938.htm>. • Cojoc, Tr. Hitler Invades Austria. Ed. TrCojoc. superhometheater, May 2008. Web. 30 Apr. 2013. <http://superhometheater.com/forex/hitler-invades-austria-anschluss>. • Gleiwitz incident . Wikipedia , 26 Apr. 2013. Web. 30 Apr. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gleiwitz_incident>. • Invasion of Poland. Wikipedia , 3 May 2013. Web. 30 Apr. 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_Poland>. • Germans invade Poland. History.com , n.d. Web. 30 Apr. 2013. <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/germans-invade-poland>. • History of Jews in Poland. Wikipedia , 6 May 2013. Web. 1 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland>. • History of Jews in Poland. Wikipedia , 6 May 2013. Web. 1 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland>.

12. Works Cited • Battle of France . Wikipedia , 21 Apr. 2013. Web. 1 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_France>. • Sheffield, Gary. BBC - History - World Wars : The Fall of France. Ed. Gary Sheffield. bbc.co.uk/history, 30 Mar. 2011. Web. 2 May 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/fall_france_01.shtml>. • WW2 Qoutes. secondworldwarhistory, n.d. Web. 2 May 2013. <http://www.secondworldwarhistory.com/ww2-quotes.asp>. • www.anglefire.com/la/raeder/Germany4.html. anglfire, n.d. Web. 6 May 2013. <http://www.angelfire.com/la/raeder/Germany4.html>. • Royal Air Force. Wikipedia , 5 May 2013. Web. 2 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Air_Force>. • BBC - History - The Battle of Britain . bbc.co.uk/history, n.d. Web. 2 May 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/battle_of_britain>. • Germany launches Operation Barbarbossa - the invasion of russia. History.com , n.d. Web. 2 May 2013. <http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/germany-launches-operation-barbarossa--the-invasion-of-russia>. • Rees, Laurence. BBC - History - World Wars : Hitler's Invasion of Russia in World War Two. Ed. Laurence Rees. bbc.co.uk/history, 30 Mar. 2011. Web. 2 May 2013. <http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/worldwars/wwtwo/hitler_russia_invasion_01.shtml>.

13. Tysean Clark Japan

14. Rape of Nanking – December 1937 • In 1931 Japan occupied the Chinese province of Manchuria turning it into a Japanese puppet state. This was the first step in Japan’s drive to take over China. • In July 1937 Japanese and Chinese troops fought in an incident on the Marco Polo Bridge in Peking • Japan moved the fight with China to the south when it attacked Shanghai • Japan attacked China’s capital, Nanking on December 13th forcing China to surrender. • After China surrendered all the horror began. There were random acts of murder, rapes, theft, etc. Even the deaths of unborn babies occured • More than 20,000 women were raped. Around 50,000 people became addicted to opium and heroin. 300,000 people were killed out of the 600,000 people who lived in China

15. Pearl Harbor – December 1941 • On December 7th, 1941 the Japan attacked the United States’ Pearl Harbor without warning. • The attack lasted from 7:53 a.m. to 9:55 a.m. • Around 3,500 U.S. people were killed in the attack. 350 planes and 8 battleships were destroyed • 1,178 people were injured included, were 1,104 men aboard the Battleship USS Arizona. • The Japanese only lost 27 planes and 5 midget submarines that tried to penetrate the inner section of the harbor and launch torpedoes. • The sinking of the Battleship USS Arizona ended all the stories of it being invincible. This indicated that the U.S needed to improve their military equipment and vehicles. "Pearl Harbor caused our Nation to wholeheartedly commit to winning World War II, changing the course of our Nation's history and the world's future." - Joe Baca

16. Bataan Death March – April 1942 • On April 9th, 1942 American and Filipino forces surrendered to the Japanese. • The Japanese then took 76,000 prisoners (12,000 of the prisoners were American and the rest were Filipino) on a 60 mile death march. • Around 5,200 Americans were killed due to lack of food, blazing heat, and Japanese butchery and disease. • Many of the prisoners were either shot, beheaded, or bayoneted by Japanese soldiers • With the success of this death march, Japan was filled with the feeling of victory. • This was an example of how Japan showed that it was powerful, the most powerful country in Asia. "I dream about it sometimes," "like you're being captured.“ – James Downey Jr.

17. Iwo Jima – Feb 1945 • U.S marines landed on Iwo Jima on February 19th, 1945. • On that same day the marines took over 2,400 casualties and had split Iwo Jima into two parts. • On the second day of the marines landing they attacked Mount. Suribachi • After 3 days of fighting off the Japanese fanatical defense they took over Mount. Suribachi on February 23rd, 1945. • The Marines used More than 450 battleships, B-24 heavy bombers, and air assault. 70,000 U.S marines took part in the battle. • The war on Iwo Jima lasted for 36 days. This resulted in 26,000 American casualties including 6,800 deaths. Only 1,083 of the 20,000 Japanese soldiers survived. • This victory showed that the U.S had gotten stronger after the Pearl Harbor attack and raised question if Japan really was the superior power in Asia

18. Okinawa – April 1945 • The battle of Okinawa lasted from April – June 1945. • The capture of Okinawa was part of a 3 part plan that the U.S. had for winning the war against Japan in the Far East. • There were over 130,000 Japanese soldiers on the island of Okinawa Including 450,000 civilians. • The American navy experienced Kamikaze attacks anchored of Okinawa. 193 Kamikaze planes were used by Japan against the American fleet, and 169 were destroyed. • America had 183,000 troops, 327 ships, and 750,000 tons of supplies during the invasion of Okinawa. • The battle of Okinawa lasted from April – June 1945. General Ushijima, committed suicide once he realized he had let his country down and lost the war. • The Americans victory resulted in the control of Okinawa. But it also brought upon the bombing of Hiroshima which killed many civilians. ‘’Fire them all. Every goddamn one’’ – Engineer Kuharek

19. Japanese Summary • The actions of Japan provoked the world to go to war because Japan wanted to show that it was the power it had. They murdered 100,000s of thousands of people to prove this. Japans motives were to show that it was the superior power in Asia. They did many horrific things to do so. This included the rape of woman, and killing unborn children. Japan also killed 100,000s American and Filipino soldiers. After years of fighting, America was victorious. This was bad for Japan. It resulted in the bombing of Hiroshima. The Americans needed these victories in Okinawa and Hiroshima in order to send planes into Japan.

20. Conclusion • The actions of the Axis Powers provoked the world to go to war because they were on a rampage. They went around killing people with the intention to spread their empires. They were only successful in some of their battles. Germany lost to Britain and Russia, while Japan lost to America. The allies couldn’t allow Japan and Germany to try and gain domination over their continents. If they didn’t do anything about this, Japan and Germany would have global domination. Both countries would be colossal in power. • To stop this from happening again, dictatorship needs to be expelled. Most countries should turn into a democracy. Democracy gives everyone a chance to state their opinions. It also doesn’t give one person all the power. Dictatorship is bad because one person has all the power which results in bad things happening. Hitler was the dictator of Germany and killed millions of people with no mercy. Japan was a militarized country and it was lead by a Emperor Shōwa whom also killed millions of people trying to gain superiority in Asia.

21. Works Cited • Chang, Iris. The Good Man of Nanking: Eyewitness account. N.p.: Erwin Wickert, 1998. Web. 6 May 2013. <http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/nanking.htm>. • Gavin, Philip. The History Place - Genocide in the 20th Century: Rape of Nanking 1937-38. Ed. Philip Gavin. The History Place , 2000. Web. 8 May 2013. <http://www.historyplace.com/worldhistory/genocide/nanking.htm>. • Viklund, Andreas. 1937 Nanking Massacre :: THE RAPE OF NANKING (1937. Ed. Andreas Viklund. Bay Net Services, 2005. Web. 6 May 2013. <http://www.nanking-massacre.com/RAPE_OF_NANKING_OR_NANJING_MASSACRE_1937.html>. • Nanking Massacre . Wikipedia , 6 May 2013. Web. 6 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanking_Massacre>. • Attack at Pearl Harbor, 1941. EyeWitness to History , 1997. Web. 7 May 2013. <http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/pearl.htm>. • Gavin, Philip. The History Place - World War II in Europe Timeline : December 7, 1941 - Japanese Bomb Pearl Harbor. Ed. Philip Gavin. The History Place , 4 July 1996. Web. 10 May 2013. <http://www.historyplace.com/worldwar2/timeline/pearl.htm>. • Attack on Pearl Harbor: Ships, Heroes and Speeches. PearlHarbor.org, 2010. Web. 7 May 2013. <http://www.pearlharbor.org/>. • Attack on Pearl Harbor. Wikipedia , 10 May. Web. 10 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attack_on_Pearl_Harbor>. • Dyess, William E. The Dyess Story: EyeWitness Account. N.p.: n.p., 1943. Web. 8 May 2013. <http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/bataandeathmarch.htm>. • Lessig, Hugh. Bataan Death March: A WWII vet walked to survive - Daily Press. DailyPress, 10 Apr. 2013. Web. 8 May 2013. <http://articles.dailypress.com/2010-04-10/news/dp-local_bataan-march_0410apr10_1_wwii-vet-bataan-death-march-japanese-soldiers>.

22. Works Cited • Trueman, Chris. The Battle of Iwo Jima. Ed. Chris Trueman. historylearningsite , 2013. Web. 9 May 2013. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/battle_of_iwo_jima.htm>. • Miller, Kimberly J. "Battle for Iwo Jima: WWII Fact Sheet" Wasington, D.C.: Navy & Marine Corps WWII Commemorative Committee [subsequently disestablished], Navy Office of Information, n.d.; and Morison, Samuel Eliot. Victory in the Pacific, 1945 – History of the United States Naval Operations in World War II, Vol 14. (Boston: Little, Brown, 1960): 389. • "The Battle Of Iwo Jima." The National WWII Museum, n.d. Web. 9 May 2013. <http://www.nationalww2museum.org/focus-on/iwo-jima-fact-sheet.pdf>. • Pletcher, Kenneth. Encyclopedia Britannica. Ed. Kenneth Pletcher. 2009. Web. 9 May 2013. <http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/298379/Iwo-Jima>. • Trueman, Chris. The Battle of Okinawa. Ed. Chris Trueman. historylearningsite , 2013. Web. 10 May 2013. <http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/battle_of_okinawa.htm>. • Battle of Okinawa | WwII Summary Facts Pictures Casualties. World War II Magazine , 12 June 2006. Web. 10 May 2013. <http://www.historynet.com/battle-of-okinawa-operation-iceberg.htm>. • Lacey, Laura. Military History Online - Battle of Okinawa. Ed. Laura Lacey. MilitaryHistoryOnline, 13 Apr. 2003. Web. 10 May 2013. <http://www.militaryhistoryonline.com/wwii/okinawa/> • Battle of Okinawa. Wikipedia , 8 May 2013. Web. 10 May 2013. <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Okinawa>.