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Feedstuff Classification

Feedstuff Classification. Ms. Cichon Animal Science Rosholt Agricultural Instructor Rosholt, WI From the Text of Introduction to Animal Science 3 rd Edition W. Stephen Damron. Feedstuff Categories. Dry Forages and Roughages Pasture, Range Plants, and Green Forages Silage

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Feedstuff Classification

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  1. Feedstuff Classification Ms. Cichon Animal Science Rosholt Agricultural Instructor Rosholt, WI From the Text of Introduction to Animal Science3rd Edition W. Stephen Damron

  2. Feedstuff Categories Dry Forages and Roughages Pasture, Range Plants, and Green Forages Silage Energy Feeds Protein Supplements Mineral and Vitamin Supplements

  3. Dry Forages and Roughages • Contain at least 18% crude fiber, up to 50% • Dry forages and roughages are high in • Cellulose • Hemicellulose • Lignin • Low Digested Carbohydrates • Starch & Sugars (NFE)

  4. Pasture, Range Plants, and Green Forages • Examples • Bermuda grass pasture, sorghum-sudan grass, tall-grass prairie species, wheat pasture • Moisture between 50-85% (typically)

  5. Silage • Ensiling plant material under anaerobic condition produces silage . • Common storage method for livestock feed. • As long as the silage is left undisturbed it will keep for years. • Undergoes “Controlled Fermetation” that produces acids. • The acid kills off the bacteria, molds, and other destructive organisms.

  6. Silage continues • Grains are typically what is use as silage after chopped. • Common misconception- ensiling improves the nutritive content of feed

  7. Differences between Roughages and Forages Differences: Forages:feed such as pasture, hay, silage, and green crop Roughages: low- quality forage that was too mature when cut, crop residue such as wheat straw or corn stalks.

  8. Roughages or Forages Three Categories Dry Forages Pasture, Range Plants, and Green Forages Silage Notice: The only three categories we have covered so far.

  9. Quality of Roughage/Forages • Feed in theses categories provide the bulk of the diet of the herbivorous species. • Characteristics of good quality • Relatively immature • green, leafy, soft, pliable stem, free of mold or mustiness, free from foreign material. • Weather conditions • Plant species • Soil fertility • Harvesting method

  10. Ways to Measure Quality Lignin- Non digestible part of a plant that is found within the structure of the plant itself Lignin increases as fiber increase. Young plants contain 20% crude fiber, but mature plant have 40% or more. Digestibility decreases as fiber increases.

  11. Energy Feeds Cereal grain by products made from cereal grain, fruits, nuts Less than 20% crude fiber High in starch and NFE High in energy content Lower the level of fiber higher the level of energy

  12. Protein Supplement • Three major sources: • Plant origin • Animal origin • Non protein nitrogen (NPN) • Expensive feed • Feed placed in this category contain more than 20% crude protein(Similar to Energy feed with this exception)

  13. Protein Supplements Derive • Plant • End product of extraction of the oil from a group of seeds refereed to as oilseeds because of their high fat content. • Most important source: soybeans, cottonseeds. • Can be from: flax, peanut, sunflower, sesame • Animal • End product of meat packing, dairy processing, marine industries • Most important: meat meal, bone meal, blood meal, feather meal, dried milk, fish meal • Used in YOUNG ruminants or monogastric

  14. Protein Supplements Derive • NPN • Wide range of material that generalization is impossible. • Purified Amino Acids • Typically used for urea • Only used in ruminants

  15. Mineral and Vitamin Supplements • All feed needs some. • Minerals • Commonly use salt, bone meal, oyster shell, calcium, carbonate, limestone • Vitamins • Commonly use Ensiled yeast, liver meal, fish oil, wheat germ oil

  16. Assignment Chapter 7 1. What are the eight categories of feedstuffs as recognized by the NRC? 3.What is the difference between a forage and a roughages? 4.What is the definition of an energy feed? What is the definition of a protein feed? What is the difference between an energy feed and protein feed? 5.What are the similarities and different protein supplements from the three major sources of protein supplements? 6.What are the major similarities and differences in vitamin supplements and minerals? 7.For what purpose are nonnutritive additive added to rations?

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