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Planet Bellringer

Learn about the distance to stars, their physical properties including size, color and temperature, and their classification in the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram. Explore the movement of stars in the H-R diagram and understand the life cycle of the Sun.

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Planet Bellringer

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  1. Planet Bellringer • Complete questions a-g on the sheet taped to your desk in your composition notebook

  2. IV. Characteristics of Stars

  3. A. Distance to Stars 1. Light year. -Is the distance that a ray of light travels in year. Ex. Centauri is 4.3 LY away. While Betelgeuse, the red supergiant of Orion’s belt is 490 LY. Speed of light= 299,792,458 m/s

  4. 2. Circumpolar constellations- constellations you see all year a. Ursa Major, Ursa Minor, Draco, Cassiopeia, Cepheus

  5. B. Physical properties of stars 1. Size a. mass- small burn slowly, large burn quickly. Ex. The smallest may be smaller than Earth. The largest is 2000 times larger than the sun.

  6. 2. Color & Temperature 3. Chemical Composition - Depends on surface temperatures. a. Hot stars are bluer in color. Cool stars are redder in color. • Most hydrogen & helium a. Every element has a unique “fingerprint.”

  7. 4. Brightness or Luminosity - Depends on size & temperature

  8. C. Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram 1. Use 2. Basis - Classify stars & understand how stars change over time. - Plots temperature vs. luminosity

  9. 90% of all stars

  10. H-R Diagram Questions: • Describe the size of stars in the H-R diagram (in comparison with the sun) in the upper right portion. • Describe the color of the stars in the upper right portion of the H-R diagram. • Describe the size of stars in the H-R diagram (in comparison with the sun) in the upper left portion. • Describe the color of the stars in the upper left portion of the H-R diagram. • Describe the size of stars in the H-R diagram (in comparison with the sun) in the lower right portion. • Describe the color of the stars in the lower right portion of the H-R diagram. • Describe the size of stars in the H-R diagram (in comparison with the sun) in the lower left portion. • Describe the color of the stars in the lower left portion of the H-R diagram. • Where in the H-R diagram would you find a star the same size and color as our sun? • What is the classification of the Sun? • How would you classify the brightest stars? (they may be in more than one star class.) • Describe the difference between stars Sirius A and Betelgeuse. • Name the brightest star on your diagram. • Name the “coolest” star on your diagram. • Describe the movement of the Sun’s life cycle through the H-R diagram.

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