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Low-energy kaon -nuclei interaction studies at DAFNE (SIDDHARTA-2 and AMADEUS)

Understand the interaction of kaons with nuclear matter, crucial for QCD studies and implications in astrophysics. Learn about SIDDHARTA-2 and AMADEUS experiments in Italy and their findings on kaonic atoms.

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Low-energy kaon -nuclei interaction studies at DAFNE (SIDDHARTA-2 and AMADEUS)

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  1. Low-energy kaon-nuclei interaction studiesat DAFNE (SIDDHARTA-2 and AMADEUS) Catalina Curceanu LNF-INFN (Italy) 2ndJagellonian Symposium on Fundamental and Applied Subatomic Physics Krakow, 4-9 June 2017

  2. 1967, first pulsar discovered by Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Antony Hewish

  3. 1967, first pulsar discovered by Jocelyn Bell Burnell and Antony Hewish

  4. The Standard Model

  5. The Standard Model

  6. Isaac Vidana

  7. How strong is the interaction of kaons (strangeness) with nuclear matter?

  8. How strong is the interaction of kaons (strangeness) with nuclear matter?

  9. The low-energy kaon-nucleon/nuclei interaction studies are fundamental for understanding QCD in non-perturbative regime: • Explicit and spontaneous chiral symmetry breaking (mass of nucleons) • Dense baryonic matter -> • Neutron (strange?) stars EOS • Dark matter with strangeness? • Role of Strangeness in the Universe from particle and nuclear physics to astrophysics

  10. The DAFNE collideror the best possiblebeam of low energy kaons

  11. The DAFNE principle K+ e- e+ e- e+  e- e+ e- e- e+ e+ e- e+ e- e+ e- e- e+ e- K- Flux of produced kaons: about 1000/second

  12. DAΦNE, since 1998

  13. Φ → K- K+(49.1%) • Monochromatic low-energy K-(~127MeV/c) • Less hadronic background due to the beam ( compare to hadron beam line : e.g. KEK /JPARC) Suitable for low-energy kaon physics: kaonic atoms Kaon-nucleons/nuclei interaction studies

  14. SIDDHARTA(-2) SIlicon Drift Detector for Hadronic Atom Research by Timing Applications • LNF- INFN, Frascati, Italy • SMI- ÖAW, Vienna, Austria • IFIN – HH, Bucharest, Romania • Politecnico, Milano, Italy • TUM, Munchen, Germany • RIKEN, Japan • Univ. Tokyo, Japan • Victoria Univ., Canada • Zagreb Univ.

  15. the determination of the isospin dependent KN scattering lengths through a ~ precision measurement of the shift and of the width of the Ka line of kaonic hydrogen and the first measurement of kaonic deuterium Measurements of kaonic Helium 3 and 4 as well (2p level) The scientific aim

  16. K- K- K- e.g. • 1s for K-p, K-d • 2p for K-He X-ray Shift and Width of last orbit Kaonic atom formation e- n ~ sqrt(M*/me) n’ ~ 25 (for K-p) (M* : K-p reduced mass) highly-excited state Auger Electron 1) Initial capture deexcite 2) Cascade Nucleus 3) Strong interaction 4) Absorption The strong int. width> Radiative trans. width stopped in a target medium

  17. n 4 3 s p d f 2 E2p Kb G Ka ~ 6.3 keV = DE2p1s 1 E1s e } Kaonic cascade and the strong interaction

  18. Antikaon-nucleon scattering lengths Once the shift and width of the 1s level for kaonic hydrogen and deuterium are measured -) scattering lengths (isospin breaking corrections): e + i G/2 => aK-p eV fm-1 e + i G/2 => aK-d eV fm-1 one can obtain the isospin dependent antikaon-nucleon scattering lengths aK-p= (a0 + a1)/2 aK-n = a1

  19. SIDDHARTA Scientific program Measuring the KN scattering lengths with the precision of a few percent will drastically change the present status of low-energy KN phenomenology and also provide a clear assessment of the SU(3) chiral effective Lagrangian approach to low energy hadron interactions. Breakthrough in the low-energy KN phenomenology; Threshold amplitude in QCD Information on L(1405) Contribute to the determination of the KN sigma terms, which give the degree of chiral symmetry breaking; 4 related alado with the determination of the strangeness content of the nucleon from the KN sigma terms

  20. SIDDHARTA

  21. 1 cm2 x 144 SDDs

  22. y Detect by SDDs K- Φ e- Detect by two scintillators K+ e+ x z 510 MeV/c 510 MeV/c SIDDHARTA overview Target 127 MeV/c Δp/p=0.1% 31

  23. SDDs & Target (inside vacuum) Kaon detector

  24. SIDDHARTA results:- Kaonic Hydrogen: 400pb-1, most precise measurement ever,Phys. Lett. B 704 (2011) 113, Nucl. Phys. A881 (2012) 88; Ph D- Kaonic deuterium: 100 pb-1, as an exploratory first measurement ever, Nucl. Phys. A907 (2013) 69; Ph D- Kaonic helium 4 – first measurement ever in gaseous target; published in Phys. Lett. B 681 (2009) 310; NIM A628 (2011) 264 and Phys. Lett. B 697 (2011);; PhD- Kaonic helium 3 – 10 pb-1, first measurement in the world, published in Phys. Lett. B 697 (2011) 199; Ph D- Widths and yields of KHe3 and KHe4 - Phys. Lett. B714 (2012) 40; ongoing: KH yields; kaonickapton yields -> draft for publications SIDDHARTA – important TRAINING for young researchers

  25. Kaonic Helium 3 and 4

  26. Kaonic 4 old data KHe4

  27. Data taking periods of SIDDHARTA in 2009 PLB681(2009)310 K-He4 data with Fe source Use of Mn Ka (5.9 keV) from 55Fe 55Fe source: Good for reduce sys. error on K-4He Bad for “background” events on K-H,K-D Systematic error = +/-2 eV Removed 55Fe source in other data

  28. K-He data taking Ti foil Target Fe55 Degrader KHe-4 energy spectrum at SIDDHARTA PLB681(2009)310; NIM A 628(2011)264 No-coincidence coincidence

  29. Data taking periods of SIDDHARTA in 2009 New alignment of setup Improve S/N ratio DAFNE shutdown in Summer K-He3 data (~4days) 55Fe source: Good for reduce sys. error on K-4He Bad for “background” events on K-H,K-D Removed 55Fe source in other data

  30. Kaonic Helium-3 energy spectrum X-ray energy of K-3He 3d-2p K-3He (3d-2p) QED value: Ti Ka K-O K-C K-N World First！ Observation of K-3He X-rays Determination of strong-interaction shift arXiv:1010.4631v1 [nucl-ex], PLB697(2011)199

  31. K-4He (3d-2p) PLB697(2011)199 K-3He (3d-2p) DAFNE shutdown in Summer

  32. Comparison of results *error bar

  33. Kaonic Hydrogen

  34. Hydrogen spectrum EM value K-p Kα Kaonic hydrogen Kα Kβ higher KC54 KC65 simultaneous fit Ti Kα KO65 Ti Kβ KC75 KN65 KO76 KAl87 Cu Deuterium spectrum Background estimation

  35. Residuals of K-p x-ray spectrum after subtraction of fitted background Kaonic hydrogen higher Kα Kβ EM value K-p Kα

  36. KAONIC HYDROGEN results e1S= −283 ± 36(stat) ± 6(syst) eV G1S= 541 ± 89(stat) ± 22(syst) eV

  37. SIDDHARTA–2 49

  38. The SIDDHARTA-2 setup, essential improvements • new target design • new SDDs • vacuum chamber • more cooling power • improved trigger scheme • shielding and anti-coincidence (veto) 50

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