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Chapter 8: The Byzantine Empire

Chapter 8: The Byzantine Empire. Fall of Rome. The Decline of Rome. Life after the 5 Good Emperors Death of Marcus Aurelius led to civil war The Severan Rulers Established a military government “Enrich the soldiers and ignore everyone else” 235-284 AD: 22 Rulers Most were murdered

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Chapter 8: The Byzantine Empire

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  1. Chapter 8: The Byzantine Empire Fall of Rome

  2. The Decline of Rome • Life after the 5 Good Emperors • Death of Marcus Aurelius led to civil war • The Severan Rulers • Established a military government • “Enrich the soldiers and ignore everyone else” • 235-284 AD: 22 Rulers • Most were murdered • Sassanid Persians • Lived in the East • Began to invade Roman lands • Plague • Decimated the Roman population • Farms destroyed by invading people

  3. The Decline of Rome • Reform Movement • Diocletian (284-305AD) • Divided the Roman Empire into 4 prefectures (Why?) • Each prefecture had a separate ruler (Tetrarchy) • All reported to Diocletian’s military power • 301 AD • Stabilized economy and fought inflation by setting wage and price controls • Constantine (306-337AD) • Expanded the prefectures • Constructed a capital in the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium) • Becomes known as Constantinople (Now called Istanbul) • Built for defensive purposes (Why?)

  4. The Decline of Rome • Military Reform • The Army • Expanded the army to 500,000 soldiers • Included the use of German soldiers • Frontier units defended the borders • Mobile units responded to problems and provided back up • Civil Service • Expansion required an increase in revenue • Not enough people to support current tax base • Required certain jobs to be passed down to offspring

  5. The Fall of the Rome • After death of Constantine, Roman Empire divided in half • The Western Roman Empire • Facing the Germans • Visigoths • Had been displaced from land by the Huns from Asia • Eventually culture led to conflict and revolt • Battle at Adrianople in 378 AD. (Defeated Romans) • 410AD: Invaded Rome • Later invaded other Roman provinces • Odoacer (476AD) • Deposed Romulus Augustulus as Roman Emperor • This marked the end of the Western Roman Empire

  6. Why did Rome fall? • Possible Reasons for the Fall of Rome: • 1. Christianity weakened the Roman military (How?) • 2. Increase in non-Italians gaining power (How?) • 3. Lead poisoning in water system (How?) • 4. Plague killed 10% of population • 5. Lack of technological advancement (Why?) • 6. Inability to create working political system (Why?)

  7. Chapter 8: Emerging Europe Age of Charlemagne

  8. The Germanic Kingdoms • Kingdom of the Franks • Clovis (466-511AD) • First Germanic king to convert to Catholicism • Prayed to Christ during a losing battle • Enemies fled and he converted • Conversion gave him support from other Catholic kingdoms • Expanded kingdom from Pyrenees to modern day France • Sons carved up kingdom after death into 3 regions

  9. German Society • Family • Based around extended family including grandparents and cousins • Male dominant. Woman obeys oldest male • Wergild • System of fines for bloodshed • Certain crimes cost certain amount paid to family of the victim • Tried to eliminate revenge

  10. The Carolingian Empire • Charlemagne (reigned:768-814AD) • Grandson of Charles Martel (defeater of Muslims) • Covered most of Central and Western Europe • German counts ran parts of kingdom • Missidominici made sure they were following rules • 800AD: Emperor of the Romans • Showed strength of enduring idea • Empire expanded beyond Mediterranean world • Carolingian Renaissance • Educational revival • Renewed interest in Latin and Greek works

  11. Chapter 8: Byzantine Empire Byzantine Empire

  12. Justinian and Eastern Roman Empire • 527-565AD • Wanted to re-establish the Roman Empire • 552AD: Empire expanded to Italy, North Africa, and Spain • After his death, his empire slowly fell apart piece by piece • The Body of Civil Law • Extension of Roman law • Became the code of law for the Eastern Roman Empire • Simplified version of Roman law

  13. Creation of Byzantine Empire • Grew out of Eastern Roman Empire • Early threats from Arabs brought together by Islam • 636AD: loss of Syria and Palestine • 679AD: loss of the Bulgarian empire • Byzantine Empire (8th century-1453AD) • Unique combo of Greek and Christian ideas • Greek became official language • Architecture done in honor of the Christian faith • Role of Emperor • Chosen by God • Patriarch of the church

  14. Byzantine Empire • Economy • Exchange between East and West • Major goods exchanged: • Silk • Ivory • Furs • Jewelry • Spices • Hippodrome • Central amphitheater • Held up to 60K • Gladiator fights and chariot races

  15. New Problems • Schisms • A split between the Western Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church • Emperor Leo III • Outlawed the use of icons (religious images) • Felt people were worshipping them too much • 1054AD • Pope Leo IX and Michael Cerularius (head of Byzantine Church) • Excommunicate each other

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