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Human body systems

Human body systems. There are 11 systems:. Integumentary Skeletal Muscular Respiratory Circulatory Urinary Nervous Endocrine Digestive Reproductive Immune. I. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM. 1) SKIN, GLANDS, MEMBRANES =INTEGUMENT.

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Human body systems

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  1. Human body systems

  2. There are 11 systems: • Integumentary • Skeletal • Muscular • Respiratory • Circulatory • Urinary • Nervous • Endocrine • Digestive • Reproductive • Immune

  3. I. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM • 1) SKIN, GLANDS, MEMBRANES =INTEGUMENT

  4. 2) GOAL: PROTECTION, HOMEOSTASIS, VITAMIN D PRODUCTION, PRESSURE/PAIN RESCEPTORS • 3) PARTS • SKIN, GLASNDS, MEMBRANE, SKIN APPENDAGES

  5. A) SKIN 3 PARTS: • EPIDERMIS: KERATIN/PROTEIN, DEAD CELLS, WATER PROOFS/PROTECTS • DERMIS: FINGERPRINT, NERVE ENDINGS • SUBCUTANEOUS LAYER: FAT (NOT FULLY FORMED IN BABIES), ANCHORS DERMIS, CUSHIONS AND ACTS AS SHOCK ABSORBER

  6. B) GLANDS 2 KINDS • SWEAT=SUDORIFEROUS GLANDS • 2 CATEGORIES: • ECCRINE—SWEAT • APOCRINE-PROTEIN…ODOR PRODUCER! BABIES DON’T SMELL BECAUSE THEIR APOCRINES AREN’T DEVELOPED

  7. GLAND #2 OIL = SEBACEOUS GLAND *OIL=SEBUM *CRADLE CAP? SEBORRHA

  8. PART 3 OF INTEGUMENT: MEMBRANES SEROSA-LINE AREAS CLOSED TO EXTERIOR MUCOSA-LINE AREAS OPENED TO THE EXTERIOR

  9. PART 4 OF INTEGUMENT: SKIN APPENDAGES • HAIR, NAILS

  10. 4) DISORDERS • HERPES SIMPLEX: FEVER BLISTER (2 STRANDS) • MILIARIA: HEAT RASH • HAEMANGIOMA: OVER GROWTH OF BLOOD VESSELS AT SURFACE

  11. Next system….

  12. II. SKELETAL SYSTEM • 206 BONES; MORE IN THE FETUS…UNFUSED; SOFT SPOT? FONTANELLE

  13. 2) “OSTEO”=BONE 3) JOB: GIVES FRAMEWORK FOR BODY, MOVEMENT, BLOOD CELL PRODUCTION IN BONE MARROW (HEMATOPOIESIS)

  14. 4) TYPES OF BONE: COMPACT AND SPONGY

  15. 5) SHAPES: *LONG: TIBIA, FIBULA, FEMUR *SHORT: ANKLE, WRIST *FLAT: SKULL, STERNUM *IRREGULAR: HIP, VERTEBRAE

  16. 6) TWO??? SKELETONS • AXIAL: 80 BONES, SKULL + THORAX + VERTEBRAL COLUMN • APPENDICULAR: 126 BONES…APPENDAGES!!! (LEGS, ARMS)

  17. 7) BY THE NUMBERS: • THE SKULL= CRANIUM + FACIAL BONES 8 BONES IN CRANIUM: FRONTAL (1) PARIETAL (2) TEMPORAL (2) OCCIPITAL (1) SPHENOID (1) ETHMOID (1)

  18. B) FACIAL: 14 TOTAL MANDIBLE (1) MAXILLAE (2) PALATINE (2) ZYGOMATIC (2) LACRIMAL (2) NASAL (2) VOMER (1) INFERIOR CONCHAE (2)

  19. C) HYOID BONE • 1 BONE, NOT PART OF SKULL • ONLY BONE IN BODY THAT DOES NOT TOUCH OTHER BONES • SUSPENDED IN MIDNECK

  20. D) VERTERBRAL COLUMN CERVICAL-7 THORACIC-12 LUMBAR-5 SACRUM-1 COCCYX-1

  21. SCOLIOSIS

  22. E) THORACIC CAGE=RIB CAGE • 7 PAIRS OF TRUE RIBS (14) • 5 PAIRS OF FALSE RIBS (10) • 1 STERNUM

  23. TRUE?FALSE?FLOATING? TRUE RIB: ATTACHED TO STERNUM FALSE RIB: INDIRECTLY ATTACHED TO STERNUM OR NOT AT ALL FLOATING RIB—EASILY BROKE, BECAUSE NO ATTACHMENT IN FRONT

  24. F) UPPER LIMB/ARM…you have 2, so double! 2 clavicles (collarbones) 2 scapula (shoulderblades) 2 humerus 2 ulna 2 radius 16 carpals 10 metacarpals 28 phalanges 64 total (32/upper limb)

  25. G)LOWER LIMB/LEG…double • Include hip… • 2 coxal bones Fusion of: 2 ilium (largest) 2 ishium (sit on) 2 femur • 2 tibia • 2 fibula • 2 patella • 14 tarsals heel=calcaneous halux= big toe • 10 metatarsals • 28 phalanges • 62 total (31/lower limb)

  26. H) THE EAR  • 2 MALLEUS /HAMMER • 2 STAPES/STIRRUP • 2 INCUS/ANVIL

  27. 8) OTHER “PARTS” TENDONS: MUSCLES TO BONES LIGAMENTS: BONES TO BONES JOINTS: 2 OR MORE BONES MEET

  28. 9) DIFFS BETWEEN MAKE AND FEMALE PELVIS • FEMALE INLET LARGER, MORE CIRCULAR • FEMALE PELVIS SHALLOWER, BONES LIGHTER AND THINNER • FEMALE SACRUM SHORTER, LESS CURVED • FEMALE ISCHIAL SPINES SHORTER AND FARTHER APART • FEMALE PUBIS ARCHES UPWARD, ROUNDED

  29. THE SKELETAL SYSTEM

  30. DRUM ROLL…

  31. III. MUSCULAR SYSTEM • MORE THAN 500 MUSCLES • “MUS” MEANS LITTLE MICE • JOB: MOVEMENT, THRU MUSCLE CONTRACTION • 3 TYPES: • SMOOTH: INVOLUNTARY/ORGANS/EX.LIVER • SKELETAL = STRIATED: VOLUNTARY/EX. LEG • CARDIAC: INVOLUNTARY/EX. HEART

  32. 5) Muscles to know: • Orbicularis oculi-circles eye/winking muscle • Orbicularis oris-circles mouth/kissing muscle • Deltoid-triangular shaped at shoulder • Sternocleidomastoid-prayer muscle, at neck • Frontalis-forehead • Pectoralis major-”square” shaped, at chest • Obliques-sides • Biceps-top of arm • Triceps-back of arm

  33. j) Gluteus maximus-buttocks k) quadriceps-thigh, front l) hamstrings-thigh back m) Gastrocnemius-back lower leg, toe dancer’s muscle

  34. 6) Disorders • A) Strain-tear or break in muscle • B) Sprain-tear or break in a tendon or ligament • C) pulled hamstring-strain of hamstrings • D) shin splints-inflam of muscles of anterior lower leg • E) Charley horse-painful tear and bruise of muscle (often quads) F) tendonitis-inflammation of tissue around tendon G) Pulled groin-strain affecting the adductor muscles H) Muscular dystrophy-born with, prods progressive weakness and deterioration of muscles

  35. Next system…

  36. IV. Respiratory System • parts: mouth, trachea, lungs (alveoli, bronchioles, bronchial tubes) • Function: allow gas exchange

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