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The Hubris of Europe. Character of Europe. Idea of noblisse oblige Unequal society Social Ranks Hierarchy of monarchial society Strong adherence to natural aristocracy People seen as subjects, strong patronage system. Europe around 1870. Great Britain- Queen Victoria
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Character of Europe • Idea of noblisse oblige • Unequal society • Social Ranks • Hierarchy of monarchial society • Strong adherence to natural aristocracy • People seen as subjects, strong patronage system
Europe around 1870 • Great Britain- Queen Victoria • France- Emperor Napoleon III • Italy-King Victor Emmanuel II • Austro-Hungarian- Emperor Francis Joseph • Germany-Kaiser William I • Belgium- King Leopold II • Portugal-King Luis I • Spain-King Alphonse XII
Begins in 1876 with Leopold Livingston’s ‘3 Cs’ Commerce, Christianity, Civilization Africa was the lottery ticket for European countries A place for new markets Prestige of an overseas empire where the cards could be played in the halls of Europe A place for emigrants Africans- there is a fourth ‘C’ Conquest Scramble for Africa
The New Maxim of the Scramble • The gun, not trade or the cross • African resistance -the Zulu, Mahdi of Sudan, Abyssinians, Ndebele • Battles were mainly one-sided and brutal • British against the Boers or Italians against the Abyssinians
What the Scramble Gave! • Virtually the whole continent • Thirty new colonies and protectorates • 10 million square miles of territory (Europe is 4 million sq. miles) • 110 million new subjects
Finality of Hubris • Hubris denied -Liberia and Ethiopia • Leopold dies in 1909 • By 1912 the Scramble is over • Squabbles between France and Germany in the Congo, France and Spain in West Africa end • Italy takes Libya