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Rome

Rome. Myths and Legends. Romulus and Remus 6:20. Roman Republic. Voters elect representatives In Rome it was based on tradition, not a written constitution SENATE – council of representatives made up of patricians

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Rome

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  1. Rome Myths and Legends

  2. Romulus and Remus 6:20

  3. Roman Republic • Voters elect representatives • In Rome it was based on tradition, not a written constitution • SENATE – council of representatives made up of patricians • CONSULS – 2 senators, one year term, proposed laws, led army, one had veto power over the other, most important officials • MAGISTRATES – government officials, included consuls, praetors (judiciary), aediles (supervised marketplace), questors (financial officers), censors (counted the population every 5 years). Most terms were one year • TRIBUNES – plebeian elected council

  4. Roman Republic Society • PATRICIANS – descendants of founding families of Rome, upper class, ran the government • PLEBEIANS – commoners, controlled tribal assemblies, made up the military • Plebeians demanded more rights from patricians and in 451bc forced patricians to publish the first written code of Roman Law: the Twelve Tables • Patricians and plebeians owned slaves • Women gained rights and independence, eventually took part in government and owned property • Religion borrowed from Greeks: Jupiter (Zeus), Juno (Hera), Minerva (Athena)

  5. 265bc Rome controlled most of Italy while Carthage controlled the Western Mediterranean “Punic” comes from the Latin word for Carthage 264-241bc 1st Punic War: Romans won, gaining control of Sicily 218-202bc 2nd Punic War: Hannibal (C) entered Gaul wanting to conquer Rome; Battle of Cannae (216bc) Romans lost so decided to invade Carthage; Battle of Zama (202bc) Scipio (R) defeated Hannibal 149-146bc 3rd Punic War: Rome destroyed Carthage and took its territory; Rome also conquered Greece at this time FINAL RESULT: Rome controls all of the Mediterranean Punic Wars of the Republic

  6. Cupid and Psyche 7:32

  7. Roman Empire • Established in 31bc by first emperor, Augustus • All emperors took the title, caesar • Caesars controlled the army, supervised provincial governors, took direct control of troubled provinces • The Senate advised the caesar, maintained the treasury, and oversaw the peaceful provinces • No laws said who the next caesar would be making the job of caesar a dangerous one • A series of roads connected the provinces to the city of Rome helping trade and the movement of troops • The Roman army was organized into legions, highly organized and efficient groups of 80-100 soldiers lead by an officer called a centurion

  8. Christianity Jesus • As a Jew in Judaea, his family was allowed to worship freely • Herod the Great was ruler of the province at the time of his birth in city of Bethlehem • ad6 – Judaea officially becomes Roman and Roman laws are strictly enforced • Taught Jewish ideas of “one God” and laws like the Ten Commandments • Called himself the “Son of God” or Messiah (Hebrew: “anointed one”) later called Christ (Greek: “anointed one”) • ad30 Roman Governor Pontius Pilate sentences him to death by crucifixion at the urging of outraged Jews who disagreed with his teachings

  9. Christianity Christians • First followers: Jesus' 12 apostles • Spread first through Greek part of Roman world, taking on Greek name for messiah, Christos • Followers became known as Christians • Met in private homes, renounced evils though baptism, assembled on Sunday to celebrate the Eucharist (Last Supper) • Persecuted by Romans and Jews, murdered Christians became martyrs • Church hierarchy developed: Patriarch Bishop  priest; lead by men • Teachings based on Hebrew scriptures and letters written by the apostles to early Christians • Became official religion of Roman Empire in ad380 by Theodosius I

  10. Romance Languages: Languages based on Latin

  11. Fall of Rome: Barbarian Invasions

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