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Chapter 9 Circulatory system

Chapter 9 Circulatory system. ---Closed tubular system ---Blood circulatory or cardiovascular S ---Lymph vascular S. The cardiovascular S heart artery vein capillary. 1.    Capillaries. 1) LM : endothelium: basement membrane: pericyte: /flattened with processes /function:

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Chapter 9 Circulatory system

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  1. Chapter 9 Circulatory system

  2. ---Closed tubular system ---Blood circulatory or cardiovascular S ---Lymph vascular S

  3. The cardiovascular S • heart • artery • vein • capillary

  4. 1.    Capillaries 1) LM: • endothelium: • basement membrane: • pericyte: /flattened with processes /function: i.  support ii. undifferentiated cell

  5. endothelial cell: • processes –microvilli-like, finger-liked • plasmalemmal vesicle /60-70nm, constitute about 25-35% of total volume /transendothelial channel function: transport large molecules and storage of membrane (for enlarge, enlongated, pore-formed and microvilli)

  6. EM: classification ①Continuous capillary: ---Structural feature: • endothelial cell: -more plasmalemmal vesicles -tight junction • basal lamina: complete ---Distribution: CT, MT, lung and CNS

  7. ② Fenestrated capillary ---Structural feature: • endothelial cell: -have fenestrae or pore (60-80nm in D, with 4-6 nm diaphragm) • basal lamina: complete ---Distribution: gastrointestinal tract, endocrine gland and renal glomerulus

  8. ③Sinusoid capillaries(enlarge capillary) ---Structural feature: • endothelium: gap, pore • basal lamina: incomplete or no (absent) ---Distribution: liver, spleen and bone marrow

  9. 2.     Artery ---large A: aorta, pulmonary trunk ---medium-sized A: all named A, the diameter > 1mm (radial A, ulnar A) ---small A: 300um<D<1mm

  10. Medium-sized A – muscular A ---Tunica intima • endothelium • subendothelial layer: CT -collagenous F -elastic F -smooth muscle • internal elastic membrane: wave-liked, pink-colored band- elastin

  11. ---Tunica media: thickest layer • smooth muscle: 10-40 layers of, circularly • elastic F: produced by SM • collagenous F: produced by SM ---Tunica adventitia: • LCT –with small BV-vasa vasorum, NF and LV • external elastic M

  12. 2) Large A: elastic A ---Structural features: a. Tunica intima is thick, and internal elastic M is not prominant b.   Tunica media: consists of 40-70 layers of elastic membrane, CF and SM

  13. SM elastic M Large A

  14. 3) Small A: ---large SA: • internal EM • 3-4 layers SM • no external M ---small SA: • no internal M • 1-2 layers SM

  15. 2.       Veins ---three type ---correspond with A except for LV ---three layers

  16. ---structural features: a. larger diameter, thinner walls- collapsed b.  no internal and external elastic membrane, so the boundaries between three tunica are not very clear c. contains more CT, less smooth M, SM are arranged in bundles d.   vein valve: /infolding of tunica intima /semilunar-liked /prevent back flow of blood

  17. 4.      Heart ---atrium(right and left) ---ventricle (right and left)

  18. E The wall of heart SE endocardium subendocardial layer myocardium epicardium

  19. 1) The wall of heart ---endocardium: • endothelium • subendothelial layer: more dense CT- contain fibroblast, CF, EF, SM • subendocardial layer: LCT, with BV, N and conducting S- Purkinje fiber

  20. ---myocardium: • cardiac M: a.    atrial muscle: /atrial granules: 0.3-0.4um in D, contain atrial natriuretic polypeptide or cardionatrin b.   ventricular M: thick, long, branches • LCT: rich in capillaries *atrioventricular fibrous annulus: DCT

  21. ---epicardium: visceral layer of pericardium- serous membrane: • mesothelium • LCT: more fat cell- subepicardial layer ---cardiac valve: • formed by infolding of endocardium: endothelium + DCT • prevent the back flow of blood

  22. 2) Conducting S ① components: ---sinoatriol node (SA node): located in epicardium of right atrium ---atrioventricular node (AV node) and bundles (AV bundles): located in subendocardial layer ---network of Purkinje fiber:

  23. ② three types of cells a. pacemaker cell ( P cell): • mainly distributed in SA and AV node • small, fusiform or polygonal in shaped • enclosed by DCT • less organelle: myofibril, plasmalemmal vesicles and more glycogen

  24. b. transitional cell: • mainly distributed in periphery of SAN or AVN and AV bundle • The structure is between pacemaker cell and cardiac M • thinner and shorter than CM • more myofibril than P cell

  25. c. Purkinje cell: • mainly constitute AV bundle and branches • shorter, boarder than CM, with 1-2 centrally located nuclei • rich in mitochondria, glycogen, less myofibril • well-developed intercalated disks

  26. Thanks!

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