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Chapter 9: The Circulatory System

Chapter 9: The Circulatory System . Part 1 Anatomy of Blood and the Heart. Learning Objectives. What’s in your blood? Functions of Blood Cells Anatomy of the Heart. Purpose of the Circulatory System. The heart pumps blood throughout your body

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Chapter 9: The Circulatory System

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  1. Chapter 9: The Circulatory System Part 1 Anatomy of Blood and the Heart

  2. Learning Objectives • What’s in your blood? • Functions of Blood Cells • Anatomy of the Heart

  3. Purpose of the Circulatory System • The heart pumps blood throughout your body • Blood picks up and drops off different substances to ensure that cells have oxygen and carbon dioxide as well as other waste products are properly disposed of

  4. Your Blood • Considered a connective tissue • When your blood is centrifuged (spun really fast) it separates materials by density • Your blood consists of a liquid component called plasma • You blood also consists of 3 formed components • Red Blood Cells • White Blood Cells • Platelets

  5. Plasma • 92% is water • 8% is made of plasma proteins, salt, nutrients, urea, hormones and vitamins • 3 Types of Plasma Proteins • Albumin – maintains proper osmotic pressure • Fibrinogen – helps with clotting • Immunoglobulin – AKA antibodies

  6. Red Blood Cells • AKA Erythrocytes • RBCs contain a protein called hemoglobin which carries oxygen • Oxyhemoglobin is bright red (makes your arteries look red) • Deoxyhemoglobin is purplish-blue (makes your veins look blue • Live for about 4 months

  7. White Blood Cells • AKA leukocytes • Not as many WBCs as RBCs • Fight off invading microbes, bacteria, viruses • Two main types of WBCs • Granular Leukocytes • Agranular Leukocytes

  8. White Blood Cells

  9. Platelets • AKA thrombocyte • Tiny fragments of cells • Large cells in the bone marrow called megakaryocytes break into fragments which are platelets • Help the clotting process by plugging up the injured blood vessels

  10. The Heart • Main organ of the circulatory system • The heart is the driving force behind the movement of the blood • The pressure is generates by the pumping action, forces the blood through the vessels • The heart lies between the lungs and behind and slightly to the left of the sternum

  11. Layers of the Heart • Pericardium/Pericardial Tissue: thick layer of muscle tissue and a protective membrane that folds into two layers surrounding the heart • Endothelial Tissue: endothelial tissue that lines the inside of the heart and is continuous with all your blood vessels

  12. Layers of the Heart • Pericardial Cavity: Coronary vessels – blood vessels that supply the tissues of the heart with nutrients and oxygen • Myocardium: muscular layer of the heart

  13. Layers of the Heart • Epicardium: inner layer of the pericardium, covers the myocardium and secretes perocardial fluid to help lubricate so tissues don’t rub together during contraction • Parietal Pericardium: outermost layer of the heart, thin, white, fibrous connective tissue that joins the major blood vessels

  14. 4 Chambers of the Heart • Right Atrium • Left Atrium • Right Ventricle • Left Ventricle • Interatrial Septum – wall dividing the two atria • Interventricular Septum – wall dividing the two ventricles

  15. Heart Valves • The heart contains several valves • Valves keep blood flowing in the right direction on the pathway and allows the right amount of blood into each chamber • The names of the valves can tell you their location or certain characteristics • Semilunar Valves - half moons • Atrioventricular Valves (AV) – between the atria and ventricles • Bicuspid Valve – 2 flaps • Tricuspid Valve – 3 flaps

  16. Review Questions • What are the 3 formed components of blood? • List some of the types of white blood cells • What is the name of the thin fibrous tissue that covers the heart? • What are the four chambers of the heart? • Under what conditions does blood look purplish blue? • What types of substances are carried in plasma? • What is the purpose of the circulatory system?

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