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John Locke “ Two Treatises on Civil Government ” (1689)

John Locke “ Two Treatises on Civil Government ” (1689). H-SS 11.1.1- Describe the Enlightenment and the rise of democratic ideas as the context in which the nation was founded. John Locke wrote Treatises on Civil Government.

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John Locke “ Two Treatises on Civil Government ” (1689)

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  1. John Locke “Two Treatises on Civil Government” (1689) H-SS 11.1.1- Describe the Enlightenment and the rise of democratic ideas as the context in which the nation was founded

  2. John Locke wrote Treatises on Civil Government. • This writing reflects the ideology of the Glorious Revolution. Forces of Parliament had won and they selected William & Mary as their new monarchs. • The Glorious Revolution limited the power of the Royal Family and forced them to live by the Magna Carta and the (English) Bill of Rights.

  3. John Locke had a positive view of Human Nature He believed mankind was • Good • Moral • Honest • Reasonable

  4. Humans in Nature • Humans born with natural rights to: • Life • Liberty • Property - Dec. of Independence changed to the “Pursuit of Happiness”…… Property = Happiness • Rights came from God or nature not the gov’t, so gov’t can not take them away, which makes them inalienable

  5. Social Contract • Gov’t gets its authority to rule from the people. • Gov’t exists to protect your natural rights (life, liberty, and property). • If it fails the people have a Right to Revolution

  6. Our country was founded on the idea that if our government fails to protect our rights we have the right to get rid of it or change it to make it better • Right to Revolution-people have the right or duty to rebel if gov’t fails to protect their rights --This is the driving force of our Political system-- • It can happen two ways:

  7. Two Ways of Revolution

  8. Peaceful Change- government changes as citizens recognize problem(s) and correct them w/o changing gov’t. Citizens vote to change the gov’t.

  9. When the system fails to react to problems or when gov’t becomes unjust citizens will riot or start open rebellions. • During Revolutionary War period people tried to peacefully change system when it failed they started the war

  10. Declaration of Independence • Written by Thomas Jefferson. It is based on John Locke’s philosophies as written in “Two Treatises on Civil Government” • It described unalienable natural rights, social contract, and the right to revolution • It was an expression of what the colonists believed were their rights as English subjects

  11. Declaration of Independence • Unalienable natural rights-cannot be taken away • Social contract-gov’t gets authority to rule from the people • Right to revolution-if gov’t fails to protect natural rights then the people have the right to change or replace the gov’t

  12. Written by Thomas Jefferson based on ideas Of John Locke Declaration of Independence

  13. We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. — That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, — That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government, laying its foundation on such principles and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their Safety and Happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that Governments long established should not be changed for light and transient causes; and accordingly all experience hath shewn that mankind are more disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same Object evinces a design to reduce them under absolute Despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such Government, and to provide new Guards for their future security. — Such has been the patient sufferance of these Colonies; and such is now the necessity which constrains them to alter their former Systems of Government. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpations, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute Tyranny over these States. To prove this, let Facts be submitted to a candid world. • Read the Declaration of Independence-the areas marked in red reflect John Locke’s ideas and the beliefs about government that all British subject held at the time of our revolution.

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