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Pituitary Tumors

Pituitary Tumors. By Nick Leth and Rose Richter. Did you know??. Robert Wadlow was the tallest recorded man on earth at a height of 8 ft 11 in. His astounding height was the result of a pituitary tumor . Genes. Pituitary Tumor-Transforming Gene (PTTG)

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Pituitary Tumors

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  1. PituitaryTumors By Nick Leth and Rose Richter

  2. Did you know?? • Robert Wadlow was the tallest recorded man on earth at a height of 8 ft 11 in. • His astounding height was the result of a pituitary tumor

  3. Genes • Pituitary Tumor-Transforming Gene (PTTG) • Plays an important role in the cell cycle by helping sister chromatids to separate during anaphase • A very large amount of PTTG causes aneuploidy

  4. Anatomy • Located immediately under the hypothalamus • Rests on the Pituitary fossa (sella turcica) • Comprised of two lobes; anterior (adenohypohpysis) and posterior (neurohypophysis) • The lobes are separated by an intermediate lobe

  5. Function • This organ is part of the endocrine system • Once thought of as the “master gland” the pituitary gland is actually controlled by the hypothalamus • Sends many hormones to glands throughout the body

  6. Symptoms • Headaches • Vision Problems • Visual Disturbances • Nausea • Vomiting

  7. Diagnosis Doctors diagnose pituitary tumors in a number of ways. • Blood Tests • Blood tests are performed to test the blood for numerous substances and properties. • Brain CAT scan • CAT scans combines x-ray equipment with computers to take multiple pictures of the inside of the body. These pictures can be used to help doctors diagnose the patients. • Brain MRI • The MRI is a procedure that uses a powerful magnet and radio waves to produce detailed images of the body's organs, without using X-rays or other radiation. • Vision Tests

  8. Stages There is no standard “staging system” for pituitary tumors. Once the tumor is found, tests are performed to see if the tumor has spread throughout the body. The size of pituitary tumors can range anywhere from the size of a pea to the size of a lime.

  9. Epidemiology and Prevalence • 10%- 15% of all brain tumors are pituitary tumors; 20% in African Americans • 25% have undiagnosed tumors • Women are generally diagnosed at ages 30-40 and men at ages 40-50 • Much more common in women

  10. Complications • Cushing’s Disease- excess amounts of the hormone cortisol • Acromegaly-excess of growth hormone • Gigantism and Dwarfism • Delayed menarche- Late start of menstruation • Hypothyroidism- The thyroid secretes less than normal amounts of thyroid hormone • Diabetes insipidus- Different from diabetes mellitus

  11. Prevention There are no known ways to prevent pituitary cancer, but there are ways to lower your chances of getting any kind of cancer, and to kill it early if you do get cancer. Such methods include: • Know your family’s health history, and take note of any signs that could be a sign of cancer. • Eat well, and stay active. • Avoid extensive exposure to harmful substances such as chemicals and even the sun.

  12. Treatment The method of treatment depends on the type and size of the tumor • Observation and medication • Surgery • Transphenoidal endoscopic tumor removal • Transcranial tumor removal • Radiation Treatment • Stereotactic radiosurgery • External-beam radiation • Hormone Therapy

  13. Awareness Organizations devoted to cancer awareness: • The American Cancer Society • The Pituitary Network Association Fund raisers devoted to cancer awareness: • Path to Progress • Ellie Savage Memorial Trust Celebrity Spokespeople: • Katie Couric • Lance Armstrong • Stefanie Speilman

  14. Sources • Abrahams, Peter, ed. How the Body Works. London: Amber, 2007. Print. • "Acromegaly." WedMD. N.p., 15 Feb. 2008. Web. 11 Feb. 2010. <http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/acromegaly-10808>. • Balaban, Naomi E., and James E. Bobick, eds. The Handy Anatomy Answer Book. Canton: Visible Ink, 2008. Print. • Campbell, Neil A., Jane B. Reece, and Lawrence G. Mitchell, eds. Biology. 5th ed. Menlo Park: Addison Wesley Longman, 1999. Print. • "Cell Proliferation and Its Regulation." Chapter 11 Cell Proliferation and Its Regulation. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2010. <http://219.221.200.61/      ywwy/zbsw(E)/edetail11.htm#0>. • "Cushing's Syndrome." WebMD. N.p., 2008. Web. 11 Feb. 2010.      <http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/cushings-syndrome-topic overview>. • Gladfelter, Amy, et al. "The Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Is Required for Anaphase Progression in Multinucleated Ashbya gossypii Cells." Eukaryotic Cell. American Society for Microbiology, Feb. 2007. Web. 10 Feb. 2010. <http://ec.asm.org/cgi/content/full/6/2/182>. • Huang, Xingxu, et al. "Securin and Separase Phosphorylation Act Redundantly to Maintain Sister Chromatid Cohesion in Mammalian Cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell. Ed. James Nelson, et al. American Society for Cell Biology, 8      July 2005. Web. 10 Feb. 2010. <http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/      PMC1237078/>. • Frontiers - Celebrities for the Cause. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2010. <http://www.jamesline.com/‌viewer/‌Pages/‌index.aspx?P=454>.

  15. Sources Continued • Human Endocrine System. Biology The Web of Life. Ed. Scott Foresman and Addison Wesley. N.p.: Addison Wesley Longman, 1998. 797. Print. • "Hypothyroidism." WebMD. N.p., 25 Aug. 2008. Web. 11 Feb. 2010.      <http://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/hypothyroidism-topic-overview>. • Interesting Facts. N.p., n.d. Web. 10 Feb. 2010. <http://www.interestingfacts.org/fact/tallest-man-facts>. • Jane, John A., and Edward R. Laws. "Chapter 13 - Surgical Treatment of Pituitary Adenomas." EndoText. N.p., 1 Dec. 2009. Web. 11 Feb. 2010.      <http://www.endotext.org/neuroendo/neuroendo13/neuroendo13.htm>. • Starr, Cecie, and Beverly McMillan, eds. Human Biology. Sixth ed. Toronto:      Thomson, 2005. Print. • Van den Huevel, Sander. "Cell-Cycle Regulation." Worm Book. N.p., 2005. Web. 10  Feb. 2010.<http://www.wormbook.org/chapters/www_cellcycle reguln/cellcyclereguln.html>. • "What Is Diabetes Insipidus?" WebMD. N.p., 2008. Web. 11 Feb. 2010.      <http://diabetes.webmd.com/what-is-diabetes-insipidus?page=1>. • Yu, Run, et al. "Overexpressed Pituitary Tumor-Transforming Gene Causes      Aneuploidy in Live Human Cells." Endocrinology. The Endocrine Society, 15 July 2003. Web. 10 Feb. 2010. <http://endo.endojournals. org/cgi/content/full/144/11/4991>. • Pediatric Oncology Resource Center. N.p., n.d. Web. 15 Feb. 2010. <http://www.acor.org/‌ped-onc/‌ccorg.html>.

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