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Fish Dissection

Fish Dissection. External Anatomy. Characteristics of Fish. Cold blooded Have fins and a backbone Most fish have scales and breathe with gills 22,000 different species of fish that began evolving 480 million years ago. Fins.

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Fish Dissection

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  1. Fish Dissection

  2. External Anatomy

  3. Characteristics of Fish • Cold blooded • Have fins and a backbone • Most fish have scales and breathe with gills • 22,000 different species of fish that began evolving 480 million years ago

  4. Fins • Appendages used by fish to maintain its position, move, steer and stop. • Dorsal Fin – top (2) • Caudal Fin – tail • Pelvic Fin – bottom/belly (2) • Pectoral Fin – side (2) • Anal Fin - Anus

  5. Scales • Composed of connective tissue covered with calcium • Mucus layer covering the body that helps prevent infection • Two types: • Ctenoid Scales: jagged edges • Cycloid Scales: Smooth round edges • Some have spines – defensive role

  6. Eyes • Fish can see in color • Eyes are rounder in fish than in mammals • Why? Water can distort (change) images so rounder eyes help the fish focus better in water

  7. Nares/Nostrils • Paired nostrils are called nares • Detect odors in water and can be very sensitive

  8. Mouth • The shape of the mouth is a clue to what the fish eats • Fish will taste their food before they eat it to make sure it is edible. • Some fish have teeth

  9. Lateral Line • Senses water currents • Tiny pores filled with hair-like sensors that are open to the water • Detects underwater vibrations • Determines the direction of the source of the vibrations

  10. Vent (Anus) • External opening to digestive, urinary and reproductive tracts • Can be found in front of the anal fin

  11. Internal Anatomy

  12. Muscles • Provide movement and locomotion • Usually the part of the fish that is eaten • Fish swim by contracting and relaxing their muscles

  13. Spine • Primary structural framework upon which the fish’s body is built • Connects the skull at the front of the fish and to the tail at the rear • Made of vertebrae – hollow and protect the spinal cord

  14. Spine Rib Cage

  15. Gills • Allows a fish to breathe under water • Breathing apparatus of fish and are highly vascularized • Bright red in color • Collects oxygen from the water so the fish can breathe • Protected by a bony covering called an operculum – flexible bony plate • Water is “inhaled” through the mouth, passes over the gills and “exhaled” from beneath the operculum

  16. Stomach and Intestines • Break down and digest food • Absorb nutrients from food • Carnivores – short intestines • Herbivores – longer intestines because fiber in plants takes longer to break down • You can tell a lot about how and what a fish eats by examining the stomach contents.

  17. Stomach Intestines

  18. Kidney • Filters liquid waste materials from the blood • These wastes are passed out of the body • Regulates water and salt concentrations within the fish’s body, allowing certain fish to live in freshwater or saltwater

  19. Kidney

  20. Swim Bladder • A hollow, gas-filled balance organ that allows a fish to conserve energy by maintaining neutral buoyancy • Allow a fish to float and not sink! • Species of fish that do not have a swim bladder sink to the bottom if they stop swimming

  21. Liver • It assists in digestion by secreting enzymes that break down fats • Storage area for fats and carbohydrates • Destruction of old blood cells and maintain proper blood chemistry

  22. Heart • Circulates blood throughout the body. • Oxygen and digested nutrients are delivered to the cells of various organs through the blood. • Blood transports waste products from the cells to the kidneys and liver for elimination

  23. Heart

  24. Brain • Control center of the fish • Processes the sensory information • Decision making skills

  25. Spinal Cord • Connects the brain to the rest of the body • Relays information from the body to the brain • Gives instructions from the brain to the rest of the body

  26. Pyloric Caeca • The organ with finger like projections located near the junction of the stomach and the intestines. • Secrete enzymes that aid in digestion

  27. Vent • Waste elimination

  28. Gonads • Reproductive Organs • Female: bright orange mass of eggs • Male: small and white gland

  29. Otoliths • “Earstones” • Hard, calcium carbonate structures located directly behind the brain of bony fish. • Aid the fish in balance and hearing • You can count the rings in order to determine the age of the fish.

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