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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION. American Growth: Economically, Socially, Geographically and Technologically. For years England had been using machines in factories. America has some catching up to do. American Samuel Slater comes back from England with a copy of a Spinning Jenny.
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THE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION American Growth: Economically, Socially, Geographically and Technologically.
For years England had been using machines in factories. America has some catching up to do.
American Samuel Slater comes back from England with a copy of a Spinning Jenny.
Samuel Slater and Moses Brown build the first Spinning Mill in America in Pawtucket, Rhode Island alongside the Blackstone River.
With an increase in mills, there became a demand for an increase in cotton for the mills.
Cotton was not a really profitable crop because it took too much manpower to grow it.
THE COTTON GIN • In 1793 Eli Whitney invented a machine that could make cotton growing profitable.
COTTON MILLS • Now that we have machines turning cotton into thread, next comes machines to turn thread into cloth.
In 1810 Francis Cabot Lowell built the first cotton mill in Waltham, Massachusetts. • A cotton mill spins cotton into thread and weaves thread into cloth all under one roof.
Women from the surrounding communities were hired to work in the mills. They became known as “Mill Girls”.
All this technology created an era of Mass Production in the US. • Assembly lines started, making products faster and cheaper than they could be made by hand.
Workers on assembly lines have only one or two small tasks to complete. This is unskilled labor and is therefore much cheaper.
GOVERNMENT HELP • The government tried to step in to help manufacturers, businesses and farmers succeed. The plan was called the AMERICAN SYSTEM.
To help finance industry a new national bank (2nd US Bank) would loan money to increase production.
A Protective Tariff would encourage people to buy American products.
An Internal Improvements bill passed by Congress that would help the country’s INFRASTRUCTURE.
The Congress passed the bill, but President Monroe vetoed it. He felt for the country to do this a Constitutional amendment needed to be passed.
NEW FORMS OF TRANSPORTATION • To end the problem of muddy and rutted roads, a national road was built made of crushed rock and gravel. • It went from Baltimore to Wheeling on the Ohio river.
RIVER TRAVEL • Rivers always made for easier travel, whether it was people or goods. • Moving downstream was easy, upstream was a bit more difficult.
In 1807 Robert Fulton placed a steam engine on a raft and made a practical way to move goods upstream. He called his invention the Claremont and tested it on the Hudson River.
Other arrangements had to be made for those areas where boats could not transport goods or people.
THE ERIE CANAL • In 1817 New York Governor DeWitt Clinton convinced the state legislature to finance the building of a canal from Lake Erie to the Hudson River.
It was dug completely by hand (no bulldozers, dump trucks or steam shovels).
It took eight years to dig and cost $7,000,000. • It is 360 miles long, approximately 40 feet wide and overcomes a height difference of 571 feet.
Canals have two advantages over roads: • 1.) They can be built where rivers do not run. • 2.) They can carry more freight than horses can, over land.
RAILROADS • Railroads are the next major transportation innovation to come along.
In 1830 Peter Cooper placed a steam engine on a wagon and produced the first powered rail car.
To prove that his engine, named Tom Thumb, worked he challenged a horse drawn carriage to a race.
He lost the race, but a lot of investors thought that his invention could work and gave him money to make it work.
Rails have several advantages over canals. • Rails can go where rivers can’t.
US FOREIGN POLICY • In 1817 James Monroe becomes the 5th President. • John Quincy Adams is his Vice President.
At the Convention of 1818 both countries agree to establish the boundary between the US and British Canada at the 49th Parallel.
SPANISH FLORIDA • Next Adams wants to get control of Spanish Florida. • For years Spanish and Seminole Indians have been raiding farms and towns in Georgia.
Andrew Jackson is charged with the task of chasing the Indians and Spanish back into Florida.
In chasing the Indians and Spanish back into Florida, Jackson captures two Spanish forts.
Spain demands the forts be returned and Jackson be punished.
In the Adams-Onis Treaty, Spain agrees to cede Florida to the US and also gives up it’s claims to the Oregon Country.
SOUTH AMERICAN REVOLUTIONS • A Spanish priest, Miguel Hidalgo, inspired a revolution in Mexico. • Mexico gains its independence in 1820.
By 1819 Simon Bolivar had liberated Venezuela, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador & part of Peru.
General Jose de San Martin led Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Chile to Independence.
After they became independent the US and England recognized them right away. These were new trading partners.
Other European leaders wanted their colonial possessions back.
THE MONROE DOCTRINE • To make sure the European leaders did not attempt to recover their lost colonies Monroe asked Adams to draft a document so that would not happen.
