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Chapter 29 section 2

Chapter 29 section 2 . Nationalist Movements in Africa and the Middle East Kenya South Africa Egypt Turkey Iran Palestine/Israel. Kenya Nationalist movement (anti-European) remove British colonialism from Kenya Led by Jomo Kenyatta British rule meant

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Chapter 29 section 2

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  1. Chapter 29 section 2 • Nationalist Movements in Africa and the Middle East • Kenya • South Africa • Egypt • Turkey • Iran • Palestine/Israel

  2. Kenya • Nationalist movement (anti-European) • remove British colonialism from Kenya • Led by Jomo Kenyatta • British rule meant • African second class citizenship in their homeland • must carry ID cards • curfew • restricted where they could live • imposed taxes • isolated from best jobs and most fertile lands • Movement was a populist movement • not military in nature • civil protest and rioting

  3. South Africa • Nationalist movement was race based • Apartheid • Dutch and then British colonialism had created a system of laws and rules that subjugated black Africans to second class status • segregation • no suffrage for blacks (disenfranchisement) • unequal pay • eviction from best lands • Pan-Africanism • movement that emphasized unity among African people throughout the world

  4. Marcus Garvey • Jamaican-born American • “Africa for Africans” • W.E.B. DuBois • organized Pan-African Congress 1919 • Egypt • the only African colony to actually gain independence during the Pan African Movement • gained independence from Great Britain • Unity among various Egyptian factions combined with Britains weakened state after WW I brought independence in 1922 • puppet government under King Faud

  5. Turkey • Fall of the Ottoman Empire opens door to Turkish independence. • Ataturk (Mustafa Kemal)- lead a movement to westernize and modernize Turkey • created laws based upon western models • liberalized attitudes towards women • public education • western calendar • introduced western script (no Arabic) • forceful ruler • resented by Muslim clerics

  6. Iran • Modeled reforms after Turkey • Raza Khan • Pan-Arabism • nationalism based upon common heritage of all Arabs • free Arabs from influence of Europe • Most Arabs aided the Allies during WWI in the hopes that the Ottomans would be defeated • Allies hinted that if Arabs helped them that they would be given freedom as payment

  7. After the war however France and GB carved the Middle East into a number of Mandates (areas of influence) • Syria, Jordan, Iraq, Egypt, Algeria, Morocco,Lebanon, Israel/Palestine • Palestine is the Holy Land to 3 major religions • Christianity, Islam Judaism • Britain controls this region after WW I • Balfour Declaration set up “national home for Jewish people” • Arab Palestinians cry foul • After WW II displaced European Jews look for a place to settle.

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