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The Industrial Revolution. Agricultural Revolution Why did it start in England? The Growth of the Cottage Industry The Industrial Revolution. Page 1: Agricultural Revolution . Warm Up:
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The Industrial Revolution • Agricultural Revolution • Why did it start in England? • The Growth of the Cottage Industry • The Industrial Revolution
Page 1: Agricultural Revolution Warm Up: Complete chart on next page on your own. Think about new technology, modern day medicine, communication, etc. Agenda: • Warm Up- share out • Notes • Video • Ticket out Homework: IDs due Thursday
Agricultural Revolution 15th and 18th Century Farming
The Open-field System • Cooperative plowing • Conserved the quality of land • Balanced distribution of good land • Farmers were part of a “team” • Gleaning
Enclosure • Before • AFTER • Each landowner received a single piece of property • No common lands
Large Land Owners (Benefited) • Had the political strength to pass the enclosure law • Owned large unified farms under this system • Farming was more efficient • Didn’t need consent of the village to experiment with new crop methods
Small FarmersForced off Their Land • Had to pay for : • Required fencing • A team of oxen • Could no longer glean or gather wood • Often had to sell plots to large landowners: • Forced to Rent or • Work for someone else • Increasing the # of men looking for work
The Seed Drill (1700) • Planted seed in neat rows • Improved germination by making furrow, dropping seed into them, and covering them • Reduced amount of seed used in planting
Additional Machines • Horse-drawn cultivator – Jethro Tull • Cast-iron plow (1797) – American Charles Newbold • Reaper – Englishman Joseph Boyce (1799) and American Cyrus McCormic (1834) • Self-cleaning steel plow – John Deere(1837) • Thresher – separated grain from stalk • Harvester – cut and bind grain • Combine - cut, thresh, and sack grain • Tractor – pulled equipment through the field • Corn planter • Potato digger • Electric milker • Cotton picker
Scientific Agriculture Scientific Breeding • 1725-1795 • Selective breeding of animals • Produced more and better animals • Produced more milk and meat Crop Rotation • English gentleman farmer Viscount Charles “Turnip” Townsend • Alternating grain crops: wheat and barley, with soil enriching crops: turnips and clovers. • No longer had to leave land fallow
Effects • The number of farmers, in proportion to total population, decreased sharply • Many farmers moved to the cities • The population of cities increased rapidly • Farmers found their work less difficult because machines performed the back breaking labor • Farming changed from a self-sufficient way of life to big business • Agricultural production increased • Cost of foodstuffs dropped • Increased production of food resulted in part, in a rapid growth of population • Large farms, using machines and scientific methods, began to dominate agriculture • Number of small farms began to decline
As you watch the Crash Course video - think about which invention discussed from the age of industrialization has had the greatest impact on your life today. Be prepared to write a statement on it that will be turned in as you walk out the door! http://fairiemom78.blogspot.com/2012/06/you-tube-monday-agricultural-revolution.html