European Nations Settle North America

1. European Nations Settle North America Mr. Morris World History

2. Key Terms Ch. 20.2 pg. 561 • New France • Jamestown • Pilgrims • Puritans • New Netherland • French and Indian War • Metacom

3. Setting the Stage • Spain’s successful colonization of America was noticed by other European nations • All sent colonists to settle in the Americas • North America became a European battleground

4. Competing Claims in North America • European nations first sent ships to America to find a faster route to Asia • After they could not find one through North America, they built colonies there instead

5. Explorers Establish New France • French explorers sailed west looking for an all water route to Asia • 1524 – Giovanni de Verrazzano discovered New York harbor • 1534 – Jacques Cartier settled Montreal, Canada • 1608 – Samuel de Champlain founded Quebec, capital of New France (Canada) • Explored the Mississippi River and named it Louisiana - Midwest U.S. and eastern Canada

6. A Trading Empire • France had lots of land, but few inhabitants in North America • Most French colonists didn’t want to build towns or raise families • Catholic priests and young men in the fur trade • French were interested in making money, not occupying territory

7. The English Arrive in North America • 1606 – King James of England sent a group of settlers to North America to found a colony • In 1607, they reached Jamestown, VA (named after King James) • This was the first permanent English settlement in North America

8. The Settlement in Jamestown • In the beginning, settlers were more interested in finding gold than planting crops • 70% of settlers dead from hunger, disease, or war with Native Americans in the first few years • Eventually, settlers were able to settle into their new lives in Virginia • Discovery of tobacco as a cash crop improved fortunes

9. Puritans Create a “New England” • 1620 – Pilgrims arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts • Came to America for religious freedom • Later, Puritans came to North America for escape from the Anglican Church and established the Massachusetts Bay colony • Wanted a community other towns could look to as a role model and was eventually successful

10. The Dutch Found New Netherland • 1609 – Henry Hudson arrived at the mouth of the Hudson River • Dutch built posts along the River and called their colony New Netherland • Established trade with the Iroquois Indians • Slow to attract settlers, allowed people from many different lands to settle in the region

11. Colonizing the Caribbean • In the Caribbean Sea, European countries were also gaining possessions • France gained Haiti, Guadeloupe, and Martinique • English settlers arrived in Barbados and Jamaica • Dutch took Netherlands Antilles and Aruba from Spain • In the Caribbean, cotton and sugar plantations were established and run with slave labor

12. The Struggle for North America • With all these nations in close contact with one another, conflict arose between them for supremacy

13. The English Oust the Dutch • New Netherland (Dutch) separated England’s northern and southern colonies • Duke of York took the city for England and renamed it New York • After Dutch were gone, English established 13 colonies along the east coast of America

14. England Battles France • In search of more land, English colonists moved west • The more they expanded, the more England and France interfered with one another • 1754 – French and Indian War begins • British colonists defeated the French in North America and France surrendered its North American land to Britain • Britain now in control of half of North America

15. Native Americans Respond • European colonization had a terrible effect on the Native American population

16. A Strained Relationship • French and Dutch got along rather well with Native Americans • Worked together in fur trading industry • English had poor relations with Native Americans • Cooperated in the beginning, but with more land they pushed more natives out of their homes • Viewed one another as devils because of religious differences

17. Settlers and Native Americans Battle • As tensions rose, wars eventually broke out between British and Native Americans • Powhatan tribe attacked Jamestown and killed several hundred settlers • British responded by massacring hundreds of Powhatan • In King Philip’s War, both sides massacred the other until the British eventually won

18. Natives Fall to Disease • Disease was the main killer of Native Americans in North America • Large groups of Native Americans wiped out by smallpox and measles • One tribe went from 24,000 to 750 in 15 years