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Comparing a 2 and 7 day registration diary in time-use research Evaluating the EUROSTAT guidelines

Comparing a 2 and 7 day registration diary in time-use research Evaluating the EUROSTAT guidelines. Contact: Joeri.Minnen@vub.ac.be Ignace.Glorieux@vub.ac.be Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Belgium) Paper prepared for the European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July, Rome.

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Comparing a 2 and 7 day registration diary in time-use research Evaluating the EUROSTAT guidelines

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  1. Comparing a 2 and 7 day registration diary in time-use researchEvaluating the EUROSTAT guidelines Contact: Joeri.Minnen@vub.ac.be Ignace.Glorieux@vub.ac.be Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Belgium) Paper prepared for the European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July, Rome

  2. Time-use registrationGoals HETUS-project • Since Szalai a number of conventions with regard to the methodology of time budget research have been established • Nevertheless: a great variety of recording methods at the moment of recording the information still exists • Fixed / open time interval • Precoded activity list / after coding • Number of diary days recorded • … • HETUS: one general guideline for all member countries => Guidelines for recording the time-use information European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  3. Time-use registrationGoals HETUS-project • Collecting time-use information in a comparable way => Harmonisation • To make comparisons between countries possible • Major concerns • Design of the diary • Field work • Our interest centres on the recommendation regarding the number of diary days European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  4. Time-use registrationRecommendations to the number of diary days • It is recommended to use two diary days, i.e. one weekday (Monday-Friday) and one weekend-day (Saturday and Sunday) • It is strongly recommended that diary days/dates be allocated to households/individuals by a controlled random procedure • It is recommended that the survey days/dates are representative of, and cover a full 12 month period European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  5. Time-use registrationPresenting the time-use results • Calculating estimates for: • Weekdays (Monday-Friday) • Saturday • Sunday • All days of the week (Monday-Sunday) • Synthetic workweek: weekday*5 • Synthetic weekend: weekend day*2 • Synthetic week: (weekday*5)+(weekend day*2) European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  6. Time-use registrationGoal this presentation • Rationale for 2 vs. 7 days: • Costs of fieldwork • Response rate • Learning/boredom • Number of respondents • Zero observations • Intra-personal variability • More statistical options • … • Testing the consequences of the recommendation of recording only 2 days instead of 7 consecutive days European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  7. Time-use registrationDaily vs weekly cycles: an example • The week cycle is an important cycle in our social life • F.e. working time, work during weekdays, week/weekend contrast, the specific character of Sunday and Saturday in the weekcycle • Certain activities follow a weekcycle and occur once or several times a week • F.e. sports, social life, taking part in associations, cleaning, … European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  8. Time-use registrationData used • Flemish time budget dataset • Respondents filled in 7 consecutive days, starting day was randomly determined • Pooled dataset • 1999 in total 1394 respondents • 2004 in total 1860 respondents • Open time interval / precoded activity list European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  9. Time-use registrationCreating 2 day dataset • Selection of 2 days with the guidelines of EUROSTAT in mind • Selection of the weekday (total, n=3.254) was not random => We selected the first registration day if it was a weekday => If not, randomly selected one weekday • Selection of Saturday or Sunday (total, n=3.254) was random • Weighting • Socio-demographic (sexe, age & education) • Diary days (Mon=Tue=Wed=Thu=Fri); (Sat=Sun) European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  10. Time-use registrationMean time/week, hours and minutes: all respondents European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  11. Time-use registrationFrequency of activities European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  12. Time-use registrationResults in words • The estimates on population level between 2-day and 7-day registration for a synthetic week are comparable • Positive and negative factors (methodology & quality) keep each other in balance • The largest difference is 18 minutes for the activity ‘Sleep & rest’, however as a percentage of the total time spent sleeping and resting it is nearly 0 • Essential conditions: • Large(r) sample • With respect to the length of the registration period • Equal dispersion of the diary days European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  13. Time-use registrationMean time/week, hours and minutes: all respondents European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  14. Time-use registrationResults in words • Due to a lower sample size, the results are less stable • Individual diary days are represented by a smaller number of respondents • Some activity groups are less biased, there is an indication that ‘the more a (sub-) population takes part in an activity as a group, the less a large sample size is needed for a good estimation.’ • Socio-demographical variables / breakdowns to: • Sexe / age / education / … • Sexe x age / … • Closer look with other (international) data -> lager sample European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  15. Time-use registrationVariation in different days of the week • Kalton (1985) variability across the weekdays, Monday till Friday is relatively small • Stinson (2000) finds evidence that the activity pattern of Friday is different from the other weekdays, and also from Saturday and Sunday And, could change even more in the future • Szalai T-Test • Results pooled dataset European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  16. Time-use registrationParticipation rate • Time-use accounting identity => Ti=PiT’i Ti = mean time population; Pi = population participation rate; T’i = mean time participants • Participation rate per day, or average along longer period HETUS Pi(weekday)=(Pi(mon)+Pi(thu)+Pi(wed)+Pi(thu)+Pi(Fri))/5 • Participation rate across f.e. weekday 7-day registration Pi(weekday)=Pi(Mon thru Fri) • F.e. trafic gestion European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  17. Time-use registrationRhythm of a weekday (Mon-Fri) European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  18. Time-use registrationParticipation rates European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  19. Time-use registrationCumulative participation rate European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  20. Time-use registrationConclusions • Weekcycle is an important rhythm is our society • Estimations on population level for a synthetic week on basis of a 2-day registration is comparable with a 7-day registration, the sample size is nevertheless an important factor • Participation rate and mean time per participants can not be calculated for a weekcycle • To understand individual behaviour it is appropriate to collect information over 7 consecutive days • The actual length of the diary period relies on the purpose of the research European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

  21. Time-use registrationFuture tasks • Try to find a method / circumstances to extrapolate participation rates • Make comparisons with international datasets with a larger sample size to test our findings and broaden our recommendations European Conference on Quality in Official Statistics, 8-11 July 2008, Rome

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