The Height of Imperialism

1. The Height of Imperialism Southeast Asia Africa India Latin America

2. Introduction to Imperialism • What is “New Imperialism”? • How is it different? • What are the goals of Imperialism? • Social Darwinism/Racism • White Man’s Burden

3. Great Britain Singapore Burma France Vietnam Indochina Thailand United States Philippines Colonial Takeover in Southeast Asia

4. Colonial Regimes in Southeast Asia • Indirect rule • Dutch East India Company • Direct Rule • Burma • Colonial Economies • Imports/exports • Plantations • infrastructure

5. Resistance to Colonial Rule • Resistance by the ruling class • Burma (Vietnam) • Peasant Revolts • Burma- Saya San • Nationalism

6. West Africa Intense European rivalries Slaves Peanuts, timber, hides, palm oil North Africa Muhammad Ali Suez Canal Sudan Morocco Ethiopia Empire Building in Africa

7. Central Africa Livingston; Stanley King Leopold II East Africa German involvement Berlin Conference South Africa 200,000 whites Boers (Afrikaners) Cecil Rhodes Boer War Empire Building in Africa

8. Colonial Rule in Africa • Indirect rule • Class/tribal conflict • Maintained local traditions • Direct Rule • French • Assimilation

9. Rise of African Nationalism • Western educated- admire or resent the West? • Western hypocrisy • Segregation/racism • 20th century- native people began to organize

10. British Rule in India • Sepoy Mutiny • Cow and pig fat greased ammo • Hindu/Muslim rivalries • Kanpur • Queen Victoria became Empress of India

11. Colonial Rule in India • Benefits • Order and stability • Honest and efficient government • School system established (but only for upper class) • Railroads, telegraph, postal service • Costs • Destroyed local industries • Farmers switched from food to cotton production • Treated as inferior • Disrespect shown for India’s cultural heritage

12. Indian Nationalist Movement • Began with upper-class educated • Indian National Congress- share in governing • Mohandas Gandhi- nonviolent resistance

13. Colonial Indian Culture • British colleges opened in India • Publishing companies • Rabindranath Tagore • Writer, poet, social reformer, spiritual leader, educator, philosopher, singer, painter • Set up an international university • Promoted pride in national Indian consciousness

14. Nation Building in Latin America • Creoles- had some power, but were second-class citizens • Peninsulares- held all the important positions • Mestizos- servants or laborers • Napoleon’s defeat of Spain weakened colonial control • Haitian Revolt

15. Revolt in Mexico • Miguel Hidalgo • Organized local Native Americans and mestizos to free themselves from the Spanish • Force was defeated and Hidalgo executed • Creoles and peninsulares joined in the revolt • Independence in 1822

16. Jose de San Martin- Argentina Spaniards must be removed from South America Led a surprise attack over the Andes into Chile Simon Bolivar- Venezuela Led struggle for independence in Venezuela, New Grenada (Columbia), and Ecuador Revolts in South America • Monroe Doctrine- guaranteed the independence of any new Latin American country and warned against any European intervention in the Americas

17. Difficulties of Nation Building • Rule of the Caudillos • Santa Anna • Texas • Mexican War • Benito Juarez • Separation of church and state • Land distribution • Educational system • Economic Imperialism • Persistent Inequality

18. Political Change in Latin America • United States in Latin America • Spanish War • Puerto Rico/Cuba • Panama • American investments- forces sent to Cuba, Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, Columbia, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic

19. Revolution in Mexico • Porfirio Diaz- ruled Mexico • Wages declined • 95% owned no land • Diaz forced from power • Emiliano Zepata- led a revolt against the wealthy landowners • 1917- new constitution

20. Economic Change in Latin America • Prosperity from exporting: • Argentina- wheat and beef • Brazil- coffee • Central America- coffee and bananas • Peru- sugar and silver • Began to build their own factories