Human Body Systems

1. Human Body Systems

2. Body Organization Our bodies are organized: 1. organelle 2. cell 3. tissue 4. organ 5. organ system 6. organism

3. Body Systems The human body is made of many different systems – each used to _______ one or more __________ of the body. control functions interact The systems of the body must _________ with each other in order to maintain _____________. homeostasis internal Homeostasis = maintaining _________ body conditions _________ even though _________ conditions _______. constant external change

4. Body Systems _________: regulates the body with _________ impulses Nervous electrical __________: regulates the body with ___________ Endocrine hormones ____________: ___________ material throughout the body Circulatory transports ________: protects the body from disease (__________) Immune pathogens

5. _________: removes metabolic ________ Excretory wastes __________: breaks down _________ and ________ them into body Digestive nutrients absorbs Respiratory gases ____________: exchanges the ______ used in cellular respiration Skeletal _________: shapes and _________ the body; stores __________ protects minerals Muscular moves ___________: ________ body and _________ in body materials

6. Nervous System ________ and ____________ all body systems (known as ___________) and responds to both internal and external _______. Controls coordinates Regulation stimuli Stimulus = a ________ to which an organism __________ signal responds Response = a ________, _________ reaction to a stimulus single specific brain spinal cord Major organs: _______, ___________, _______ nerves

7. Basic Brain Science The human brain weighs about __ pounds and contains _______ of cells. 3 billions The basic signaling cell of the brain is the ______. neuron It is the ___________ between neurons that enables us to _____, ______, and maintain ____________. interaction move think homeostasis

8. Basic Brain Parts _________ – center of __________ thought, ________ and your _______. Cerebrum conscious learning senses Cerebellum __________ – responsible for ____________ your _________ or _________ muscles. coordinating voluntary skeletal Medulla _______ – controls all _________ functions. involuntary

9. You and Your Cerebrum Your cerebrum may control conscious thought, but the different _____ of the cerebrum process different information. lobes This allows us to ________ large amounts of information _______ and ______________. process quickly simultaneously THINK: What is involved in driving a car?

10. Your Brain

11. Keeping things in BALANCE! Your cerebellum is responsible for coordinating all the _______ that move your ________. muscles skeleton Think about the number of muscles involved in ________ upright! standing Your cerebellum needs _____ to learn to ______ your muscles – this is why _______ need to learn to ______ before they can _____. time control babies crawl walk

12. Medulla Oblongata + Pons The medulla oblongata controls all ___________ functions, like ________ and __________. involuntary breathing heart rate The medulla also connects the ______ to the ___________. brain spinal cord The pons receives information from your ________ and is involved in _______ control. senses motor

13. Nerve Messages… _________ receive messages from other neurons. Dendrites The ________ contains the cell’s ________. nucleus cell body The _____ carries a message _____ from the cell body. axon away Axon terminals -- the ____ of the nerve cell. end

14. One neuron growing a connection to a neighboring neuron… axon terminals axon dendrites cell body

15. Nerve cells do not _______ -- they are separated by a gap called a _________. touch synapse Electrical signals need ________ to transmit. Synapses have ____ contact! contact NO To _____ the synapse, nerve messages must change to a _________ signal. jump chemical

16. Messages sent along nerves are called __________, and they have both an __________ and a __________ component. impulses electrical chemical electrical An _________ signal is sent from one end of a _________ to the other. neuron The first neuron will secrete a ______________ -- a _________ that passes on the impulse to the next neuron. neurotransmitter chemical

17. Synapses The average neuron forms approximately _____ synapses with other neurons! 1,000 new Neurons form ____ synapses or __________ synaptic connections in response to ______________! strengthen life experiences This is the basis for ____________! LEARNING

18. Synapses The chemicals released into the synapses are called _______________. neurotransmitters Different neurotransmitters have different _________ and different _______ on the body. functions effects

19. Nerve cells have special _________ that can pick up only _________ neurotransmitters. receptors specific enzyme ***Almost like an _________ will only work with one _________... substrate brain When the _______ receives an impulse from the body, it will determine a _________ and send out a signal to the ______ organ or tissue. response target

20. There are two main parts to your nervous system: Central The _________ Nervous System consists of the _______ and ____________. brain spinal cord The __________ Nervous System consists of all the _______ that aren’t part of the brain & spinal cord. Peripheral nerves

21. Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral nerves can be separated into two groups: Sensory _________ neurons receive input from your ________ and send the messages to the ________. senses brain Motor _______ neurons receive messages from the _______ and send them to target ________ or _______. brain muscles organs

22. Reflexes Your spinal cord responds to ________ in the environment very ________! danger quickly Danger is sensed by your _________ neurons, an ________ is sent to the spinal cord, which sends a ______ to move your ______ out of the danger zone. sensory impulse signal body The message _________ the ______! bypasses brain **This is why you ______ before you actually ______ about it! move think

23. Soma-what? Your ________ nervous system regulates those activities that are under __________ control. Somatic conscious skeletal This includes movement of ________ muscles. Autonomic Your ___________ nervous system regulates those activities that are _____ under conscious control! NOT (Involuntary) heart rate digestion Things like: __________, _________, etc.

24. Autonomic The Autonomic nervous system has 2 parts: 1. ____________ Nervous System Sympathetic 2. ________________ Nervous System Parasympathetic Sympathetic is concerned with the ______ or ______ response. fight flight __________ heart rate, _______ digestion and ___________ of nutrients, increases the ability of _______ to _____. Increases slows absorption blood clot

25. Parasympathetic is the ________ of the sympathetic – to a point. opposite Once the ________ has passed, the parasympathetic nervous system ________ the changes caused by the sympathetic. danger reverses slows resumes Heart rate ________, digestion _________, restores the ___________ of wastes. elimination

27. Disorders Brain ______/_______: tumor cancer uncontrolled ________ in brain – will _________ brain tissue mitosis damage burst of __________ electrical signals that can cause _________ _________: Epilepsy abnormal seizures ____________ disease of ________ in brain – causes impaired ________, _________, __________ _____________: Alzheimer’s degenerative neurons memory actions confusion

28. Multiple sclerosis: degeneration of the ________ sheath that surrounds neurons. myelin Myelin allows the _________ part of the nerve impulse to travel ________ and not _________ with other impulses. electrical quickly interfere communicate People lose the ability to ____________ with their ________ and _______. organs muscles