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Interactions in Ecosystems. Habitat. All of the biotic and abiotic factors in the area where an organism lives. Lion habitat. Ecological Niche. All of the physical, chemical, and biological factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce Food Abiotic conditions
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Habitat • All of the biotic and abiotic factors in the area where an organism lives Lion habitat
Ecological Niche • All of the physical, chemical, and biological factors that a species needs to survive, stay healthy, and reproduce • Food • Abiotic conditions • Behavior
Competitive Exclusion • When two species are competing for the same resources, one species will be better suited to the niche, and the other species will be pushed into another niche or become extinct • Invasive species may outcompete organisms that are native to a particular region
Predation • The process by which one species captures and feeds upon another • Heterotrophs can prey on autotrophs and other heterotrophs
Predator – Prey Cycles • Prey outnumber predators • Increasing numbers of prey promote increases in predator populations
Symbiosis • A close ecological relationship between two or more organisms of different species that live in direct contact with one another • Mutualism • Commensalism • Parasitism
Mutualism • An interspecies interaction in which both species benefit • Flowers and pollinating insects • Humans and intestinal E. coli • Clown fish and anemones
Commensalism • A relationship between two organisms in which one receives an ecological benefit from another, while the other neither benefits or is harmed • Many ecologists believe that commensalism is rare, and that most such relationships are probably subtle mutualism or parasitism
Parasitism • A relationship in which one species benefits while the other is harmed. • Many parasites have complex lifecycles involving more than one host Seen “Alien” ?
