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Urinary System

Learn about the main functions and structures of the urinary system, including how it cleans the blood, regulates water volume, and influences blood pressure. Explore the kidneys, nephrons, and other essential components that play a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis. Discover factors affecting kidney function such as hormones and substances like alcohol and caffeine.

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Urinary System

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  1. Urinary System

  2. MAIN FUNCTIONS • Ammonia (formed by the breakdown of old proteins) is converted to urea in kidneys • Cleans the blood by removing urea, excess salts, water and metabolic wastes and excreting them as urine • Keeps the volume of water in your body constant • Regulate blood pressure by renin (enzyme) • Stimulate production of RBCs by erythropoietin • Increase calcium absorption by calcitriol (vit. D)

  3. MAIN STRUCTURES Kidneys– filter blood and remove waste (maintain homeostasis) Nephron – filtering unit of the kidney (each kidney has a million nephrons)

  4. MAIN STRUCTURES CONT. Renal Capsule – connective tissue that surrounds each kidney Renal Cortex – outer part, lighter in color; contains parts of nephrons Renal Medulla – middle, darker part; contains parts of nephrons Renal Pelvis –inner part, collecting region of urine http://www.biologymad.com/resources/kidney.swf

  5. MAIN STRUCTURES CONT. Ureter – tube that takes urine from kidneys to urinary bladder Urinary Bladder – stores urine Urethra – allows urine to pass from the urinary bladder out of the body

  6. Factors that affect kidney function • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) – prevents excess water loss from kidneys • Alcohol – inhibits secretion of ADH = more urine volume • Aldosterone – prevents excess loss of sodium and water from kidneys • Caffeine – increases rate of salt and water loss from kidneys • Increased blood pressure – increase rate of water loss from kidneys.

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