Parker Hannifin (UK) Ltd Fuel Condition Monitoring Systems

1. Parker Hannifin (UK) LtdFuel Condition Monitoring Systems ACM20, ACM20 Z2 and IcountPD Generic Presentation

2. Agenda: • ACM20 Equipment Specification • Data Downloader Overview • Date Interpretation • EI Method • Gravimetric Review • Ruggedness Trial • Proposed Limits • Laboratory & Field Use • Lab Data • Field Data • Future Developments • Zone 2 ATEX • ICOUNT PDZ2 • Applications & Use

3. ACM20 & ACM20Z2 Equipment Specification • 2 min test time. • 6 channel – 4 µ(c), 6 µ(c), 14 µ(c), 21 µ(c), 25 µ(c) and 30µ(c) • ISO 4406-1999 reporting (Cumulative counts) – Primary Output • % Volume distribution (Differential counts) – Diagnostic Secondary Output • Individual channel alarm (audible and visual) setting (ISO 4406). • ACM20 rechargeable battery and 6 x “D Cell” • ODU 12V dc power supply (Extra for Laboratory Use) • 300 test scrolling memory and download via RS232 Port • All fuels compatible • ISO 11171 Calibrated to Clause 6 • Bench top footprint – 240mm x 160mm • Protective carry case on wheels IcountPD

4. ACM20 & ACM20Z2Equipment Specification • Automatic testing between 6 – 999 • minutes • International codes ISO 4406, 7-22 • Max working pressure – 420 bar • Portable – 8kg • Complies with all necessary EC • declarations • Trend analysis for up to 30 selected • test results • Automatic calibration reminder – • 12 months from leaving Factory

5. Data Downloader Overview Once testing completed, data can be transferred to PC via ParSmart Downloader Software.

6. Data Downloader Overview

7. Date Interpretation – Primary Output, Cumulative Counts Every particle measured that has a diameter of > 4m(c) >4m(c) 15 particles/ml Every particle measured that has a diameter of > 14m(c) >14m(c) 8 particles/ml Every particle measured that has a diameter of > 21m(c) >21m(c) 4 particles/ml The ACM counts all of the particles in a fuel sample with sizes >4m(c). It also records the actual shadow size and thence the actual equivalent particle diameter. The instrument then puts each particle counted into its relevant size channel. There are up to 6 preset channels..

8. Date Interpretation – Primary Output, Cumulative Counts Example of actual data Note: Cumulative data and plots are the simplest outputs but are not very informative diagnostically. Numbers can be used as limits in e.g., specifications

9. Scale number Number of particles per millilitre More than Up to and including 20 000 40 000 22 10 000 20 000 21 5 000 10 000 20 2 500 5 000 19 1 300 2 500 18 640 1 300 17 320 640 16 160 32 0 15 80 160 14 40 80 13 20 40 12 10 20 11 5 10 10 2,5 5 9 1,3 2,5 8 0,64 1,3 7 • Date Interpretation – Primary Output, ISO 4406-1999 Code Allocation of scale numbers based on cumulative counts Note: When the raw data in one of the size channels results in a particle count fewer than 20 particles, the scale number for that size range shall be labelled with the symbol “W”. .

10. Date Interpretation – Secondary Output, Diagnostic Use • % Volume Distribution based on:- Differential Counts: To find out how many particles are actually in each channel size, the number in the higher size channel is subtracted from the number in the lower size channel. Cumulative data Differential data

11. Date Interpretation – Secondary Output, Diagnostic Use • % Volume Distribution based on:- Volume Calculations Whilst particle numbers in a particular size range can be used to create limits of fluid contamination, the actual impact of particles is very often volume related. So, although only small numbers of large particles may be present in a liquid, the damage they may cause can be many times that of a larger number of smaller particles………… Note: Volume is a cubic function of particle diameter % Volume distribution

12. Date Interpretation – Secondary Output, Diagnostic Use Solid Only Free Water Only Solid & Free Water 5 mg/lt & 13ppm 5 mg/lt 10ppm

13. EI Method Aviation Test Method Development Analytical methods developed for formal use by the aviation industry must have an agreed, referenced protocol. Available Test Methods: Clear & Bright (C&B, ASTM D-4176 ), Gravimetric (Millipore, ASTM D-2276), Particle Counting – IP PM DK EI Method Scope A method for the determination of the size and number of particles found in ATF with a maximum concentration of 40,000 particles per/ml between the sizes of 4 µm(C) & 30µm(C). Status Method lodged with EI Method panel – STB-11, for inclusion in 2006 Manual as IP PM DK. Round Robin due for completion in 2006. Proposal for contaminant limit to be presented for inclusion in Def Stan 91-91 by end 2006.

14. GRAVIMETRIC 1 USG Sample Or at least record the volume that does go through Working Membrane, W Control Membrane, C Both are 1mg/l !!!! Or are they? 0.5mg/l Gravimetric Review Advantages of APC technology – or – Disadvantages of current methods Current Method Limitations: The eye can only detect particles >40 microns (30 micron(c)) unless present in very large amounts. Gravimetric is not available in real time and sometimes is erratic and is non-informative in terms of condition monitoring. Filtration time requires a laboratory environment. Nobody knows where the current contamination limits come from – where is the technical justification?

15. Ruggedness Trial • Parker Hannifin provided 7 units of their ACM20 Aviation Condition Monitoring particle counters with: • Defined hardware model number • Defined software version • Calibration certification • Operators from: • ExxonMobil Aviation • BP • Shell • QinetiQ • Parker 956 Tests completed over the 2 day trial

16. Gravimetric Review - Laboratory Data - QinetiQ Sample Actual Dirt Loading - mg/lt Sample Measured Gravimetric Result -mg/lt

17. Gravimetric Review - Field Sample 1 – Gravimetric Measured at 0.29 mg/lt Sample 2 – Gravimetric Measured at 0.23 mg/lt

18. Laboratory & Field Data Refinery Laboratory Airport Terminal

19. >4µ(c) >6µ(c) >14µ(c) >21µ(c) >25µ(c) >30µ(c) 2172.0 779.9 13.3 1.2 0.3 0.1 Airport storage >4µ(c) >6µ(c) >14µ(c) >21µ(c) >25µ(c) >30µ(c) 745.6 300.4 17.2 5.6 2.8 0.2 >4µ(c) >6µ(c) >14µ(c) >21µ(c) >25µ(c) >30µ(c) MF 54.6 11.4 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 FWS FWS >4µ(c) >6µ(c) >14µ(c) >21µ(c) >25µ(c) >30µ(c) 225.8 31.1 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 >4µ(c) >6µ(c) >14µ(c) >21µ(c) >25µ(c) >30µ(c) 8.5 1.7 0.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 >4µ(c) >6µ(c) >14µ(c) >21µ(c) >25µ(c) >30µ(c) 57.1 12.5 1.1 0.5 0.2 0.1 Laboratory & Field Data – Major International Airport ISO CODE 18/17/11 17/15/11 13/11/00 15/12/00 10/08/07 To Hydrant/Refueller 13/11/07

20. Laboratory & Field Data – Major International Airport First 3 measurements represent fuel from a previous cargo followed by a regular clean delivery, thus demonstrating the range of fuel cleanliness being experienced at this particular location.

21. Proposed Limits Setting a particle count limit for Jet Fuel Cleanliness • Need to migrate from “mg/l” as a contamination concept to particle sizes and counts, • Limits can be set using combinations of: • C&B correlations from QinetiQ work, • Gravimetric correlations from ExxonMobil work (other sources also available). • Field generated data, • OEM requirements, • End-user/supplier consensus.

22. Airport storage MF Proposed Limits Receipt into Microfilter Expect 2,500 counts per ml or cleaner @ 4µ(c) Receipt into FWS (After MF) Expect 500 counts per ml or cleaner @ 4µ(c) FWS Receipt into Storage (After FWS/MF) Expect 100 counts per ml or cleaner @ 4µ(c) FWS out of storage Expect 500 counts per ml or cleaner @ 4µ(c) FWS After FWS into Hydrant Expect 100 counts per ml or cleaner @ 4µ(c) To Hydrant/Refueller After Monitor Into Plane Expect 100 counts per ml or cleaner @ 4µ(c)

23. Proposed Limits We can now choose the particle sizes that are important to jet fuel users. We are suggesting 4-14-30 as micron sizes that would characterise the fuel contamination in terms of mainly solid particulate, 4m(c), and mainly water, 30 m(c), with an intermediate chosen from field studies of 14m(c) (ISO Code:18-13-10). 14? 30? 4?

24. Future Developments – Nearing Completion ICount PD-Z2

25. Future Developments – Application Areas Application Use! • Airport Fuel Farm • Airplane Refueling • Oil Refinery • Distribution Terminals • Hubs Pipeline & Storage • Sea Ports Fuel Storage • Fuel Testing Laboratories • API/IP Full Scale Test Laboratories • Private Light Aircraft Operators • Helicopter Refueling • System Cleanliness • Fuel Cleanliness/Quality • Pipeline Commissioning • Filter Element Performance • Correct Element Installation/Integrity • Storage Tank Inspection/monitoring • Certification – In accordance with • Manufacturers/Purchasers specification • Service Life • Free water detection • Go – Non Go Alarm detection • Remote Monitoring • Cost reduction in Laboratory expense • Trend Analysis

26. Thought for the day! • It is unwise to pay too much, but it is worse to pay too little when you pay too much, you lose a little money . . . . . . that is all • When you pay too little you sometimes lose everything, because the thing you bought was incapable of doing the things it was bought for. • The common law of business prohibits paying a little & getting a lot .......................... it cannot be done • If you deal with the lowest bidder it is as well to add something for the risk you run • And if you do that, you will have enough money to pay for something better. John Ruskin, 1819 - 1900