1 / 18

Human Diseases Presentation

Human Diseases Presentation. Rheumatoid Arthritis Muhammad Adeel (BIOT 412). Introduction. In layman terms, Rheumatoid Arthritis can be described as a chronic multisystem disease that causes the inflammation of joints and its surrounding tissues as well .

solana
Download Presentation

Human Diseases Presentation

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Human Diseases Presentation Rheumatoid Arthritis Muhammad Adeel (BIOT 412)

  2. Introduction In layman terms, Rheumatoid Arthritis can be described as a chronic multisystem disease that causes the inflammation of joints and its surrounding tissues as well. It is an auto immune disorder. In technical terms, lymphocytic infiltration of the synovium takes place.

  3. Diagrammatic Representation

  4. Cause & Mechanism The exact cause has not been identified as yet. Role of immune system has been well established in the spread of RA. HLA DR 4 is involved in the auto immune response. Release of cytokines causes inflammation. The autoantibody released in the process is known as the Rheumatoid Factor (RhF). These factors and an immunoglobulin (Ig G) form complexes that lead to the disease process.

  5. Causes & Mechanism: 2 Macrophages release enzymes, which trigger response from neutrophils, leading to bone deformity. The disease affects in a symmetric manner. Which means that both joints would be equally affected. Pain can be felt even while resting.

  6. Mechanism

  7. Symptoms Fatigue Loss in Hunger Low Intensity Fever Pain in muscles and joints Stiffness Symmetric pain/Joints become swollen Burning in eyes Drying of mouth

  8. Prevelance Worldwide, the annual incidence of rheumatoid arthritis is approximately 3 cases per 10,000 population, and the prevalence rate is approximately 1%, increasing with age and peaking at age 35-50 years. Age Group: 40’s onwards (Juvenile cases are rare) In Pakistan, 8% of the population above the age of 40 suffers. 3 times more in women than men. Disease progresses with age.

  9. Genetic or Behavioral? Both! Genetic Quotient of the disease: Genetic Variance, Incomplete penetrance, HLA Genes Behavior Quotient of the disease: Smoking (affect proteins in the immune system which might lead to auto immune response)

  10. Diagnostics 1. Blood Tests • A) ESR • B) C reactive Protein • C) Color of Synovial Fluid 2. Imaging • X Ray • MRI • Ultrasound Scans

  11. Treatment Available on four levels A) Drugs (Analgesics/NSAID’s) B) Physical Therapy C) Surgery D) Biological Therapy (Most important)

  12. What are disease modifying anti-rheumatic drugs ? The basic target of these drugs is not to lessen pain but to address the main disease. Examples would include gold injections and sulfasalazine among others. Some of them are immunosuppressant as well, and limit the RF production.

  13. Principle of Biological Therapy Molecule would bind to factors of immune system involved in RA and inhibit their activity. Example: Adalimubab: Binds to TNF alpha and stops it from activating TNF receptors. Trivia: Adalimubab is the first monoclonal antibody drug approved by FDA and is marketed by the name of HUMIRA ( Human Monoclonal Antibody in Rheumatoid Arthritis).

  14. Structure

  15. Research Perspective 1. Better Diagnostic Test Anti MCV Antibody Test (MCV is protein belonging to citrullinated vimentin family). Specificity of the test: 99.7! Point of care type immunoassay.

  16. Research Perspective 2. Permanent Cure: Possible? • Innovation in molecules Fusion Proteins • It is now known that by altering the sugar structure of the antibody, better molecules can be made. This has been implemented in the case of a molecule rituximab, which has been glycol-engineered for enhancing its activity

  17. Thank you!

More Related