1 / 31

Cold War

Cold War. Lasts late 1940’s- 1991 Rivalry between the USSR & US. “Communism holds that the world is do deeply divided into opposing classes that war is inevitable. Democracy holds that free nations can settle differences justly and maintain lasting peace.” President Harry S. Truman

sonora
Download Presentation

Cold War

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cold War Lasts late 1940’s- 1991 Rivalry between the USSR & US

  2. “Communism holds that the world is do deeply divided into opposing classes that war is inevitable. Democracy holds that free nations can settle differences justly and maintain lasting peace.” President Harry S. Truman Inaugural Address January 20, 1949

  3. Start of Cold war • 1917 Russian Revolution & communism • Non-Aggression pact • Americans didn’t trust the Soviets • Stalin upset about American efforts in WWII • Differences on the fate of Europe • Truman & Stalin www.sos.mo.gov/.../TrumanProject/close.asp http://library.usu.edu/Specol/digitalexhibits/masaryk/images/stalin.jpg

  4. United Nations 1945 • General Assembly & Security Council (15) • 5 permanent seats • Worked on solving international problems

  5. “Iron Curtain” • East • Soviets remain • Hold “elections” • Communists ruling H, C, P, R, B, & A • Upsets the West • Germany • Divided into 4 parts • East becomes communist • Soviets want a weak Germany (reparations) • Berlin also divided (lies in East Germany) http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/gcsebitesize/history/images/hi07003.gif

  6. American Policies • Containment • Contain the Soviets & communism • Remember the Munich Conference??? • Truman Doctrine • Communist uprising in Greece & Soviets want the Dardanelles from Turkey • Truman asks Congress for $400 million to assist the “free people” of G & T against “totalitarian” regimes

  7. A.P. Continued • Marshall Plan • Europe destroyed • Communism growing popular • 1947 George Marshall purposes plan • Billions of $ in aid over 4 year period • Offered to East & USSR but rejected • Outcome- • By 1950’s the West back on their feet • End communist threat • US makes $$ off trade

  8. Marshall Plan www.marshallfoundation.org/.../recovery.html

  9. Berlin Airlift • June 1948 • Soviets cut off access to Berlin • Western powers in W. Berlin • Truman didn’t want to use force/violence • US planes flew in supplies everyday (lasts 11 months) • Sent 60 bombers to British bases • Stalin backs down • **2 German states

  10. NATO Warsaw Pact • Military alliance with US, Canada & Western Europe • Military alliance of the USSR & Eastern Europe http://www.axisglobe.com/Image/2005/11/15/warsawpactanim(1).gif http://cache.eb.com/eb/image?id=64876&rendTypeId=4

  11. Arms Race • USSR & US competing to develop more nuclear weapons • USSR 1st bomb 1949 • H-Bomb • American Plans • Increase US defense spending • Alliances with non-communist nations • Convince American public of this need • **brinkmanship • Formation of CIA

  12. What’s going on in Asia? • Japan • Under control of the US • MacArthur stays and helps write a constitution • Limited military • Philippines • 1946 independence • Keep naval bases

  13. Asia • China • Civil war renews • Nationalist (Chiang Kai-shek) v. communists (Mao Zedong) • US supports Nationalists • 1949 communist nation • Nationalists move to Taiwan • 1950 Sino-Soviet Pact • USSR & Stalin http://www.dictatorofthemonth.com/Mao/mao_main.jpg

  14. Korea • Former Japanese colony • Divided after war • North (USSR) & South (US) • Leave in 1949 • June 25, 1950 • NK invades the South • UN calls special session to discuss invasion • USSR missing • Decision- send UN force to defend South Korea (mostly US troops) • Douglas MacArthur • Congress never declared war- “police action” http://www.askasia.org/students/images/68.jpg

  15. Fighting in Korea • 1ST- NK troops very successful • MacArthur counterattacked and pushed N towards the NK/China border • Brings China into the war • Fighting stabilized around 38th parallel • Truman/ MacArthur showdown • Peace talks start around July 1951 • Armistice signed in 1953

  16. Consequences- • 54K US dead • Containment worked (Truman’s thoughts • Justification for more military spending • Some see Truman as “soft” and an appeaser http://media-cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/01/05/c3/b1/korean-war-memorial.jpg http://www.atpm.com/7.01/washington-dc/images/korean-war-memorial.jpg

  17. Cold War at home (Red Scare) • 1947 Truman sets up Loyalty Review Board • Federal employees • Thousands resign or lose jobs • HUAC (Un-American Activities Committee) • House of Reps. • Searched for communists • Hollywood 10 • Many refused to testify (contempt) & blacklisted

  18. Espionage Cases • Fear of communists in US, GB, & Canada • Methods were questionable and violated rights • Alger Hiss • In the state dept. (helped at Yalta) • Accused of giving secrets to a confessed communists • Convicted & sent to prison • Ethel & Julius Rosenberg • Found guilty of treason & executed • Punishment too extreme?

  19. Rise of Joseph McCarthy • Senator (Rep.) from Wisconsin • About to run for reelection • Started accusing gov’t officials of “communism” • Plays on fears • Never gives any names • M. goes too far • Accuses army http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/treasures_of_congress/Images/page_23/70b.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/treasures_of_congress/Images/page_23/70b.html&h=389&w=500&sz=73&hl=en&start=2&um=1&tbnid=vQFRskEAM_ufSM:&tbnh=101&tbnw=130&prev=/images%3Fq%3Djoseph%2Bmccarthy%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26client%3Dfirefox-a%26rls%3Dorg.mozilla:en-US:official%26sa%3DN

  20. More USSR & US conflicts

  21. Space Race • New Soviet leader- Nikita Khrushchev • 1957 Spuntnik • Shocks US • 1958- We launch a satellite http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/st/~colinm/Stalingrad%20Pics/Khrushchev.jpg http://www.aerospaceweb.org/question/spacecraft/russia/r7-sputnik.jpg

  22. U2 incident • CIA secret flights over USSR • Take pictures of troops & missile sites • U-2 Plane used • K & E discussed ending these flights, but one more takes place before K & E meet • May 1960 • Francis Gary Powers’ plane shot down • Sentenced to Soviet prison • K wants an apology • E. refuses but vows to ends flights • K calls off conference and withdrew invite to USSR

  23. 1960 Election John F. Kennedy (D) Richard M. Nixon (REP.) • Pros- Well-organized, $$, handsome & charismatic • Supported Civil rights mov’t & MLK • Cons- Young & Catholic • Hoped to win off Eisenhower’s pop. • No stance on Civil rights http://bztv.typepad.com/photos/uncategorized/2007/03/26/john_f_kennedy1963.jpg http://www.visitingdc.com/images/richard-nixon-picture.jpg

  24. Trouble in Cuba • 1959 Fidel Castro in power • Est. a communist gov’t • Takes US & British refineries & breaks up Cuban farms • Takes Soviet aid • 10% of Cuban pop. Leave • US Businessmen in Cuba concerned http://www.solarnavigator.net/geography/geography_images/Fidel_Castro.jpg

  25. Bay of Pigs Invasion • CIA’s training Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro • Hoping other Cubans will join • April 1961 1300-1500 exiles land on Bay • Some forces never come through • Meet 25K Cuban troops (with Soviet supplies) • Embarrasses JFK & the US • Video

  26. Cuban Missile Crisis • Khrushchev & USSR promised to defend/help Cuba • Sent weapons, including missiles • Upsets US • JFK warns Cuba • We’ll attack if the missiles are fired • Troops ready • Stand off lasted for 6 days • USSR finally agrees to remove them if US promises to leave Cuba alone http://media.cardplayer.com/image/c/Castro_Khrushchev-1.jpg

  27. http://www.jfklibrary.org/jfkl/cmc/cmc_map_missile_range.jpg

  28. Photos from US spy planes Soviet ships on the way to Cuba Audio Clips from US mtgs. www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/nsa/cuba_mis_cri/14.jpg

  29. www.state.gov/.../7khruschev_kennedy1_600.jpg

  30. Berlin Wall • 20% of East Germans left for the West • Press= upsets USSR • Khrushchev's response: • Close roads to W.B. • Tries to push US out of Berlin • Builds a concrete wall b/w W & E Berlin (Aug. 1961) • Worsens US/USSR tensions http://www.berlin101.com/wp-content/uploads/2007/09/berlin-wall3.jpg

  31. http://www.destination360.com/europe/germany/berlin-wall-museum.phphttp://www.destination360.com/europe/germany/berlin-wall-museum.php http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.historywiz.com/images/coldwar/berlinwall2.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.historywiz.com/berlinwall.htm&h=389&w=576&sz=51&hl=en&start=9&um=1&tbnid=VIYtyS3bpe7weM:&tbnh=90&tbnw=134&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dberlin%2Bwall%26um%3D1%26hl%3Den%26safe%3Dactive%26rls%3Dcom.microsoft:en-us

More Related