The Growth of the Two-Party System Federalists vs. Democratic Republicans

1. The Growth of the Two-Party SystemFederalists vs. Democratic Republicans Mr. Bach Accelerated United States History Hudson High School

2. A Unified Country • George Washington unanimously elected President of the United States • First Cabinet • State – Thomas Jefferson • Treasury – Alexander Hamilton • War – Henry Knox • Attorney General – Edmund Randolph

3. Strong centralized Government Government as the engine of the economy Federal power over state power Limited power in the central government American people as the engine of the economy State power over federal power Divisions Develop Immediately

4. Alexander Hamilton • Background • Illegitimate son from the West Indies • Served as Washington’s aid during the war • Favored national sovereignty and a strong, active national government

5. A Financial Genius • Report on Public Credit • First Bank of the United States • Report on Manufactures • Excise Taxes

6. Opposition to Hamilton’s Plan • Report on Public Credit • Who would benefit? Who would lose? • First Bank of the United States • Was this a constitutional action? • Report on Manufactures • What is the vision for the United States? • Excise Taxes • Are you replacing an old tyranny with a new one?

7. Whiskey Rebellion • Whiskey tax would effect few farmers and would reduce consumption • Washington’s victory ensured the dominance of republican ideals

8. The Hamilton – Jefferson divide develops into the two-party system

9. Federalists Wealthy, commercial interests Strong central government Broad constructionists Cities, New England Anglophiles Democratic Republicans Poor to middle-class, agriculture Limited central government Strict constructionists Farmlands, South Francophiles

10. 1792 Election Results (16 states in the Union)

11. 1792 Election Results

12. Reaction to France • How to respond to the excesses of the French Revolution? • Citizen Genet Affair • Washington’s Proclamation of “Neutrality”

13. Jay Treaty • British agreed to withdraw from Northwest • Eased restrictions on American shipping • No compensation for runaway slaves • Who won? Who lost?

14. Washington’s Farewell Address • Established the “tradition” of a two-term limit • Warned against foreign entanglements in alliances • Lamented the growth of the Democratic Republican faction

15. 1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union)

16. 1796 Election Results

17. XYZ Affair and Quasi-War • France demands tribute for negotiations – Adams refuses. • Adams starts to build the US Navy • Undeclared war begins between American and French navies in the Caribbean

18. XYZ Affair

19. Alien and Sedition ActsandVirginia and Kentucky Resolutions • Is there a “French party in America?” • Could the states oppose the national government?

20. The Revolution of 1800

21. 1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union)

22. 1800 Election Results

23. 1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)  1 vote for each State 

24. As the 19th Century Dawns – so do Partisan Politics • Political machines – Tammany Hall • Rival newspapers • Salacious insults • Sex scandals • Even duels to the death!

25. Richmond Recorder (1802) • A Song Supposed to have been written by the Sage of Monticello: • When pressed by loads of state affairs • I seek to sport and dally • The sweetest solace of my cares • Is in the lap of Sally, • She’s black you tell me – grant she be – • Must color always tally? • Black is love’s proper hue for me • And white’s the hue for Sally

26. The Death of Alexander Hamilton – and the Federalist Party