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Medical Terminology

Medical Terminology. Organization of the Body. Organization of the Body Objectives:. To name the body systems and their functions To identify body cavities and specific organs within them To list the divisions of the back To identify three planes of the body

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Medical Terminology

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  1. Medical Terminology Organization of the Body

  2. Organization of the Body Objectives: • To name the body systems and their functions • To identify body cavities and specific organs within them • To list the divisions of the back • To identify three planes of the body • To analyze, pronounce, and spell new terms • To apply medical terms in real-life situations

  3. Levels of structure (Part 1) • Cells • Smallest units in the body, specialized • Different types: • Muscle cells • Nerve cells • Skin (epithelial) cells • Bone cells • And many more!

  4. Levels of structure (Part 2) • Tissues • Similar cells that are grouped together • Examples: muscle tissue, epithelial tissue

  5. Levels of structure (Part 3) • Organs • Several tissues working together to perform a function • Example: Stomach (muscle tissue, epithelial tissue, nerve tissue)

  6. Levels of structure (Part 4) • Systems • Groups of organs working together • 11 major systems in the body

  7. Circulatory (Cardiovascular) System • Transports blood throughout the body and regulates body temperature • Composed of: • Heart • Blood • Blood vessels • arteries, • veins, • capillaries

  8. Lymphatic System • Helps to fight disease aides in immunity and returns fluid to the circulatory system • Composed of: • Spleen, thymus • lymph vessels • Lymph nodes • Lymph, clear fluid containing lymphocytes (WBC)

  9. Digestive System • Brings food into the body and breaks it down so it can be used by the body then eliminates the waste • Composed of: • Mouth • Esophagus • Stomach • Intestines • Liver • Other Accessory Organs

  10. Endocrine System • Controls glands and organs by hormones to regulate growth, development, metabolism and reproduction • Composed of: • Hypothalamus • Pituitary gland • Adrenals • Ovaries and testes • Various Hormones

  11. Reproductive Systems (2) • Male and female systems that are designed to produce reproductive cells • Composed of: • Male: • Organs: Testis, vas deferens, prostate, penis • Hormones: Testosterone • Cells: Sperm • Female: • Organs: Ovaries, fallopian tube, uterus, vagina • Hormones: Estrogen, Progesterone • Cells: Ova Pictures on next slide

  12. Muscular System • Works with skeletal system to produce movement and helps with digestion by moving food • Composed of: • Skeletal muscle • Smooth muscle • Cardiac muscle

  13. Skeletal System • Supports body, protects the organs, is the site for blood formation and works with the muscular system to produce movement. • Composed of: • Bones • Cartilage • Ligaments (bone to bone) • Tendons (bone to muscle)

  14. Nervous System • Coordinates the body’s response by carrying electrical messages to and from the brain and spinal cord. • Composed of: • Brain • Spinal cord • Nerves • Spinal nerves • Carry messages to/from spinal cord • Cranial nerves • Carry messages to/from the brain

  15. Respiratory System • Controls breathing and transports oxygen and carbon dioxide in and out of the body • Composed of: • Lungs • Bronchioles • Trachea • Larynx (voice box) • Nose/mouth

  16. Excretory(Urinary) System • Elimination of waste products from the body • Urea (nitrogenous waste) is removed from the cells and urine is formed and eliminated. • Composed of: • Skin/Lungs • Kidneys • Ureters • Bladder • Urethra

  17. Integumentary System • Receive messages from the environment and send them to the brain to help regulate body temperature and protect against infection and injury. • Composed of: • Eyes (sensory organ) • Ears (sensory organ) • Fingers/nails (sensory organ) • Hair • Skin (sweat and oil glands)

  18. Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 1 • Bronchial tubes • Respiratory • Cerebrum • Nervous • Coccyx (tailbone) • Skeletal • Colon (large intestine) • Digestive

  19. Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 2 • Esophagus (food tube) • Digestive • Kidneys • Excretory • Larynx (voice box) • Respiratory • Lungs • Respiratory

  20. Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 3 • Ovaries • Female Reproductive • Endocrine • Pharynx (throat) • Digestive • Respiratory • Pituitary gland • Endocrine

  21. Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 4 • Prostate Gland • Male Reproductive • Spinal cord • Nervous • Trachea (windpipe) • Respiratory

  22. Organs/Structures and Systems – Part 5 • Ureters • Excretory • Uterus • Female reproductive • Vertebra (backbone) • Skeletal

  23. Assignment • Body System 1 Worksheet • Body System 2 Worksheet

  24. Body Cavities (Part 1) • Cranial Cavity • Head, surrounded by the skull • Contains brain, pituitary gland

  25. Body Cavities (Part 2) • Thoracic Cavity • Chest cavity, surrounded by the breastbone and ribs • Contains lungs, heart

  26. Thoracic Cavity • Pleura • Double membrane that surrounds the lungs • Pleural cavity • Space between the pleura • Pleural effusion • Collection of fluid in the pleural cavity

  27. Thoracic Cavity • Mediastinum • Area between the lungs • Contains: heart, esophagus, trachea and bronchial tubes

  28. Body Cavities (Part 3) • Abdominal Cavity • Area below the thoracic cavity, below the diaphragm (muscle) • Contains stomach, liver, gallbladder, intestines

  29. Abdominal cavity • Diaphragm • Muscle that separates the thoracic cavity and the abdominal cavity • Creates a negative pressure so the lungs will inflate

  30. Abdominal cavity • Peritoneum • Double membrane that covers organs and attaches them to the muscles • Ascites • Collection of fluid in the peritoneal cavity *Mesentery supports the intestines

  31. Abdominal cavity

  32. Body Cavities (Part 4) • Pelvic Cavity • Below the abdominal cavity, surrounded by the pelvis • Contains bladder, ureters, urethra, rectum, anus and uterus (in females)

  33. Body Cavities (Part 5) • Spinal Column • Surrounds the spine • Contains the spinal cord

  34. Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page. Assignment • Body Cavities • Cut out and paste diagram of body cavities into notebook • Label cavities • Page 53 • Write out the 10 meanings, matching them up with the correct term.

  35. Divisions of the Back • Cervical region • Neck • 7 bones (C1-C7) • Thoracic region • Chest • 12 bones (T1-T12) • Lumbar region • Waist • 5 bones (L1-L5) • Sacral region • Lower Back • 5 fused bones (S1-S5) • Coccygeal region • Tailbone (Coccyx) • 4 fused bones

  36. Spinal Column • Vertebra • (Plural)Vertebrae • Bones from the neck to the tailbone that make up the spinal column • Disk/disc • Flexible connective tissue (cartilage) found between each vertebra

  37. Planes of the body • Frontal (Coronal) Plane • Vertical plane • Separates front to back • Anterior • front • Posterior • back • Sagittal (Lateral) Plane • Vertical plane • Separates right to left • Midsagittalplane • equal right and left halves • Transverse (Axial) Plane • Horizontal plane • Cross section – upper and lower sections

  38. Planes of the Body Midsagittal Frontal Transverse (Sagittal)

  39. Do all work in your notebooks – Put today’s date, and what you are working on at the top of the page. Assignment • Divisions of the back • Cut out and paste diagram of the back into notebook • Label divisions • Planes of the body • Cut out and paste diagram of planes of the body into notebook • Label planes

  40. X-ray • Radiograph Left: Coronal (frontal) view spear fishing accident. Top: Sagital (lateral) view of a nail in head.

  41. CT • Computed Tomography scan • Cross-sectional x-ray Hemorrhage

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