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The Cold War

The Cold War. Lesson Objective I can compare and contrast the United States and Soviet Union’s political and economic interests, and can describe the causes, events, and effects of the Cold War. Measure Your Understanding. Chinese Civil War.

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The Cold War

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  1. The Cold War Lesson Objective • I can compare and contrast the United States and Soviet Union’s political and economic interests, and can describe the causes, events, and effects of • the Cold War.

  2. Measure Your Understanding

  3. Chinese Civil War • 1927-1932 and 1933-1937 – war between Communists and Nationalists • Communists– Mao Tse-tung (Mao Zedong) • Nationalists– Jiang Jieshi (Chiang Kai-shek) • War halted 1932-1933 and 1937-1945 to fight Japanese aggression • After WWII, civil war starts again • Communists were victorious in 1949 • Nationalists retreated to Formosa (Taiwan) • End of imperialism in China • Hong Kong returned to China in 1997

  4. Nationalists vs. Communists

  5. Geographical Changes • Communist China gained control over: • Chinese • Turkestan • Inner Mongolia • Manchuria • Tibet • See Map! PRC = People’s Republic of China (Communists) ROC = Republic of China (Nationalists)

  6. Economic Changes • First Five-Year Plan (1953-1957) • Advances in agriculture and coal, electricity, iron, and steel production • Second Five-Year Plan (1958-1962) • “Great Leap Forward” • China became a leading industrial country • Peasants organized into communes • Widespread famine – • – at least 14,000,000 deaths “The Great Leap Forward”

  7. Cultural Revolution • 1966-1969 • Effort to revive interest in Mao’s ideas after the failed Great Leap Forward • Red Guards marched throughout China trying to establish a society where peasants and workers were equal

  8. Map Activity - China • Use the “Communist Conflicts in Asia” Worksheet • Answer the questions in your fill-in notes

  9. Korean War • Koreans on BOTH sides of the dividing line wanted to UNIFY their nation • June 1950: The Korean War broke out when NORTH KOREAN troops INVADED South Korea over the 38th parallel border •  they were determined to reunite Korea BY FORCE as a communist nation • Since 1953 Korea has been divided along the 38th parallel • The North was controlled by the Communist government of Kim Il Sung • The South by the dictatorship of Syngman Rhee. • See Map!

  10. U.S. Involvement • American involvement in the KOREAN WAR in the early 1950s reflected the American policy of CONTAINMENT Containment “American policy of RESISTING the EXPANSION of communism around the world” • Having already “lost” China, it was decided that the United States would fight the North Koreans. • It would use enough force to deter aggression, but without provoking a larger war with the Soviet Union or China. • The U.S. would not declare war. • The United Nations sanctioned aid to South Korea.

  11. Effects of Korean War • Enormous FRUSTRATIONin United States •  54,000 dead, 103,000 wounded for small results • RESISTANCE of Communist forces, containment without nuclear war • INTEGRATION of UNITS in armed forces • Huge INCREASE in MILITARY SPENDING • Development of powerful MILITARY-INDUSTRIAL complex • Permanent MOBILIZATION of troops

  12. Map Activity - Korea • Use the “Communist Conflicts in Asia” Worksheet • Answer the questions in your fill-in notes

  13. Measure Your Understanding

  14. Death of Stalin • 1953 - Khrushchevtakes over after Stalin’s death. • He attempts to separate Stalin’s “crimes” from true communism. • Repression and Dissent • Polish and Hungarian intellectuals and students hold protests calling for free elections, withdrawal of Soviet troops, etc. • 1956 – Soviet Crackdown in Hungary • Soviet tanks sent in to crush dissent. • Eastern Europe remains under Soviet control.

  15. The Space Race • Competition between the USA and Soviet Union to show who could reach space first. Both wanted to show they had more power and technology • 1957 - Soviets launch 1st artificial satellite to orbit earth • Sputnik • U.S. feared it had fallen behind in science • NASA created • Science & math education & training

  16. The Berlin Wall • 1960s • American U-2 spy plane shot down by Soviets in 1960. • In 1961, the Soviet began construction of the Berlin Wall, • Cut off movement between East and West Berlin. • Became a symbol of the eroding relations between the Soviet Union and the United States.

  17. The Berlin Wall

  18. Cuban Missile Crisis • October 1962 • Fidel Castro takes over U.S. owned sugar farms in Cuba • U.S. outraged - Eisenhower places embargo on Cuba. • Cuba’s economy suffers - Castro asks Soviet Union for help. • Soviet leader Khrushchev gives aid to Cuba, but the $ comes with strings attached. • Soviets build missile sites – • missiles pointed at U.S. • Kennedy convinces Khruschev to remove missiles.

  19. Cuban Missile Crisis

  20. Vietnam War • American involvement in the Vietnam War • also reflected the Cold War policy of • CONTAINMENT of communism

  21. U.S. Involvement • “DOMINO THEORY”: refers to the fear that if one Southeast Asian nation fell to the Communists, the others would also fall • Because of its geographic location, a Communist takeover of Vietnam posed a threat to Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, and Thailand

  22. Gulf of Tonkin • August 1964: Johnson announced that North Vietnamese torpedoes had attacked U.S. destroyers in the GULF of TONKIN (INTERNATIONAL waters) • Johnson asked Congress for authority to take action against North Vietnam •  Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution • See Map!

  23. Fighting the War • Nearly 3 million Americans served in the Vietnam War • Difficult Battlefield Conditions • Viet Cong (Communist guerillas in South Korea) were familiar with LANDSCAPE • Intense HEAT, jungle climate • SATURATION bombing: huge B-52 American bombers dropped thousands of tons of explosives over large areas • NAPALM: a destructive chemical, splattered and burned uncontrollably when dropped from airplanes

  24. Agent Orange AGENT ORANGE  herbicide that killed leaves and undergrowth to expose Viet Cong hiding places; also killed crops and caused severe health problems

  25. Impact of the Vietnam War • More than 58,000 Americans dead • 300,000 Americans wounded • More than 2,500 MIA and POWs • Longest and least successful war in American history • United States spent at least $150 billion on the Vietnam War • More bombs dropped on Vietnam than on all the Axis powers in WWII • Divided the nation more than any other war besides the • Civil War

  26. Map Activity - Vietnam • Use the “Communist Conflicts in Asia” Worksheet • Answer the questions in your fill-in notes

  27. The Cold War Ends • 1970’s - Tensions still high, Nixon takes the presidency and begins the DETENTE, or lessening of tension. • Nixon signs Strategic Arms Limitation Act (SALT) – limits weapons • 1980’s – 1990’s - Gorbachev, leader of Soviet Union announces GLANOST, or openness • 1989 – Berlin Wall falls and the separation of Eastern/Western Europe begins to be torn down.

  28. Fall of the Berlin Wall

  29. Measure Your Understanding

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